observed in the Vicinily of JFei Hai Uei. 659 



groves which are found in and about graveyards, and other 

 places, where to cut wood is a crime. 



Willows, often of considerable size, fringe some of the 

 sandy watercourses which are to be met with in the flatter 

 portions of the country. 



The hills either slope gradually down to the sea-level, or 

 become from their position on the coast bold headlands, or 

 they may merge at their feet into the sandy flats which in so 

 many places border the shores of the Shantung Peninsula, and 

 provide breeding-grounds admirably suited to such species 

 as Calandrella phpoletta and jEyiaUtis alexandrina. 



The vicinity of Wei Hai Wei is vei-y thickly populated, 

 and the Chine?e cultivate all the lower ground to the 

 utmost limits of its productivity. 



In the autumn and winter every stick and blade of grass 

 that can be cut down or scraped from the ground is used as 

 fuel, so that undergrowth has little chance to flourish. 



Practically the only places where scrub and rank grass 

 escape are the native cemeteries, which for this reason form 

 sanctuaries for many species of birds. 



The Shantung Peninsula is peculiarly well suited for the 

 reception of migrating birds as they pass from north to south 

 in autumn or in the reverse direction during the spring. 



Korea is not much more than a hundred miles to the 

 north and east, Port Arthur and the Kwantung Peninsula 

 are still nearer and almo.-t directly due north, and two 

 hundred miles or so further north and west, across the Gulf 

 of Pechili, lies Manchuria. 



From all these lands, and from the vast spaces of North- 

 eastern Asia which lie behind them, there pours down in 

 early autumn a flood of migrants, and right across the 

 southward track of very many of them stretches the 

 Peninsula of Shantung. 



The North-East Promontory appears to be a i)oint at 

 which many birds aim in their autumnal southward journey, 

 and nowhere may more migrants be seen in August and 

 September, especially after one of the north-easterly gales so 

 prevalent during the last-named month. The presence of a 



