716 ]\Ir. W. L. Sclater on Birds collected 



individuals, but I have never observed it in sucli large flocks 

 as tbat species. It is also one of the fruit-growers' worst 

 enemies^ damaging far more than it eats. The cry is some- 

 what different from that of C. striatus, being more of a 

 double note. 



The soft parts are : — Irides dark brown ; bill pale slate- 

 coloured, dark at tip of upper mandible, yellow at tip of 

 lower; legs and toes coral-red.] 



426. BUCOKAX CAFE a. 



Z. Sibudeni, Oct. (3) ; Tv. Klein Letaba, July (head of 

 ^ only) ; P. Bcira, Dec. (head of ? only), and wing not 

 ticketed. 



Of three males killed on the same day, Oct. 28th, at 

 Sibudeni, two appear to be somewhat younger than the 

 third. The cub.nen of the youngest of these, measured iu 

 a straight line with dividers, is only 18 in. against 22 in 

 the older specimen. In the young bird the greater part of 

 the base of the lower mandible is white, not black (in tite 

 dried skin). The plumage of the younger bird, too, is much 

 browner than in tlie adult, while some of the darker adult 

 feathers are already appearing on the back. 



[^' Brom-vogel " of the Colonists ; " Insingisi " of the 

 Zulus; " Marandane '' of the Machangaans. 



This great Horubill was commonly noticed iu small parties 

 of from three to six individuals in Zululaud, the Transvaal, 

 and the Beira and Gorongoza districts of Portuguese East 

 Africa. It is usually seen on the ground hunting for food, 

 which consists of almost any thing from insects to reptiles and 

 young birds. In many parts protection had been given to 

 this bird, but when it was discovered that it destroyed 

 quantities of young game-birds, this was removed. It roosts 

 at night in tall trees in the woods and forests, where also 

 I have been shown the nest, composed of sticks placed in the 

 topmost forks or stiong branches, but I have never seen 

 one occupied. The flight is slow but powerful, the white 

 ])rimaries being then vei^y conspicuous, and the call is a 

 penetrating low "boom'' of about five syllables, the last 

 three being lowest in tone; it is somewhat ventriloquial and 



