MEMOIKS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



77 



family as Cossus and its allies. In the Cossidiu there are no separate pupal maxillary palpi, the 

 lateral flap {m.r. p.) not beiiiff separate. The labium and its palpi are long and narrow, as in 

 Tortrix. The paraclypeal pieces are distinct. 



mjc. p 



Fig. 40. — Pupa of Zeuzera py- 

 rina; cb^ cocoon-burster; A, end 

 of body of 9 



Fig. 39. — Front of bead of pujKi of Prionoxy- 

 Jtus robinife; mx. p, labiiil paljii. 



The point of departure ofTor- 



triciihi- from the Tiueina has still 



to be worked out: it must have 



been some generalized genus in 



the pupa of which tlie eye-collar (maxillary palpi) and labial palpi 



were well developed. 



Here might be placed the two families Thyridida' and Sesiida'. 



After a I'econ.sideration of the transformations of these groups we 



agree with Dr. Chapman that as regards the latter ''it is Tineoid 



in spite of some Tortricid characters." We should, however, not 



absolutely place these families in the Tineina, but should rather 



regard them as immediate descendants from some Tineoid genus 



with a well-developed eye-collar (fig. 41, Trochilium fraxini, mx. p.) 



.and with a well-developed labrum. The generalized nature of the 



pu])a of Trochilium is also shown in the large distinct paraclypeal 

 l)ieces. The two families have evidently directly 

 descended from some Tineoids, but they may 

 have become much modified and specialized, 

 especially in the venation, and form a side branch 

 of the Tineoid series, with absolutely no relation 

 to the Sphingida', near which they are usually 

 I>laced. We have been unable to obtain the pupa of Thyris for examination. 



Fain Hi; Zi/gwnidn: — Another gi'oup supposed by Spuler (venation) and 

 also Chapman (pupa) to be closely related to the Tineoids is the ZygiienidiTe, 

 from which I should separate the Syntomid:c. The pupa of Zyg^eua is said 

 l)y Dr. Chapman to possess " ill-develojied eye-collars (maxillary palpi)," and 

 the dehiscence is typically incomplete. I have been unable in the specimens 

 kindly given me by Dr. Chapman to detect the vestiges of the "eye-collar," 

 but the cast pupa skins examined are not well preserved, and these pieces 

 may be more easily detected in living and alcoholic siiecimens. Comstock 

 places the Zyga^nidai high up, remote from the Tineina, but at present I am 

 disi)osed to regard the Syntomida^ as a distinct group, with a different origin, 

 and more nearly related to the Arctiidre. I fully agree with Chapman that 



Zygiena is near tlie Tineina; and I also agree with Comstock tliat Tripocris and Tyromorpha 



have '• a remarkably generalized condition of wing structure." 



Fig. 41 Pupa of Trochilium frax- 

 ini, irT : lb, bibium and p.alpi; tnx.p., 

 iiiaxilbiry ]ialpi ; ?tr, labrum. 



F.o. 4*J. — Pupa of Ra 

 rittina atnericana, $ . 



