78 



MEMOIES OF THE i!fATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



I should rejraid Ino (Tripiocris) as a more generalized genus than Zyga-ua. Judging- 

 from the venation, Harrisina has undergone a little more modification than Ino; Tyroniorpha 

 also seems rather more primitive than Zyga'ua. I see no reason for regarding Pyromorpha as 

 the type of a distinct family. 



1 have only the i)ui)a of Harrisina americana (tig. 42) and of two 

 species of Zyga'ua to examine, but with this scanty material, that of 

 Harrisina seems to be the more generalized form, that of Zygsena the 

 more specialized. As Zyga-na does not occur in America, hut is an 

 Eurasian and African genus, it is possible that in its generalized Zyga-nid 

 fauna America, as in other groups of animals, has lagged behind Europe, 

 Zygania, with its numerous sjiecies, being a more advanced or specialized 

 type brought into existence by more favorable conditions. 



Origin of the Lithosiida: — It seems to me that the group of forms 

 usually referred to the Lithosiida-, but which are nearest to the Tineina, 

 is that represented by Enicmia- (Eustixis, ]\Iieza), CEta, and Tantura 

 (Penthetria), as the imagines of these genera, whether we consider the shape 

 of the head and body, antennte, and legs, or the venation and shape of 

 the wings, are the nearest to the Tineidse and appear to form a family 

 of Tineoid moths. Indeed, 

 Euivmia is now referred to the 

 Tineiinx of the family Hypo- 

 nomeutida', and possibly the 

 LithosiidiL' originated from that 

 family or from a grou]) stand- 

 ing between it and the Pro- 

 doxida'. 



The pupa; have the long, 

 narrow head and eyes of Tine- 

 ina. The eye-collar is wanting, 

 but vestiges of the labial palpi 

 are present, and also vestiges of 

 the paraclypeal pieces. Judg- 

 ing by the venation, Ena^mia 

 is the more generalized and 

 Tantura the more moditii'd 

 genus. The ijupa of Q'^ta anrea 

 (tig. -43) in the head characters 

 is rather more generalized than that of Tantura, the 

 labial palpi being a little larger and the base of the 

 maxilhe more flaring, as if forming rudimentary eye- 

 collars or palpi; but the abdomen and its end is 

 much more specialized than in Tantura, as it is 

 long, slender, conical, and ends in a well devel(ii)C(l 

 cremaster, provided with curved seta-, adapting it for 

 retaining its hold in its slight cocoon. In general 

 appearance and structure it is like a deometrid pupa, 

 resembling one also in its markings, having longitu- 

 dinal stripes. In Tantura (fig. 44) the shape of the 

 alxlomen is moie generalized, there being no cremaster, but hooked seta^ enabling it to retain its 

 hold witliin its beautiful loose basket- like cocoon. 



It is probable that these genera descended from some broad-winged Tineina, and possibly 

 from the Prodoxida;; Hyponomeuta, and especially Argyresthia, appear to be later, more .specialized 

 forms. 



Fio. 43. — Pupa of (Eta aurca 

 drawn from a cast skin. 



Fio. 44.— Pupa of Tantura parvula, slinwiiig the labial 

 jpalpi on the insidi*. ^l, view of head ami hooked selic; 

 A c". end of liody of J ; iJ, another pnjta. 



