DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 



15 



and the outline shows it as restored by the 

 spring of the elastic ligaments at the 

 base. Fig. 2. Vomerine and premandi- 

 bular teeth of the broad-nosed Eel 

 (Anguilla latirostris) . Fig. 3. Skull and 

 teeth of a smaller specimen of the same 

 Yarrell. Fig. 4. Skull and teeth of 

 Murana anguiceps. Fig. 5. Jaws and 

 teeth of Murcena tigrina : a, vomerine 

 teeth : b, maxillary teeth. Original. 



PLATE 57. 



Fig. 1. — Lower pharyngeal teeth, in situ, 

 of a Barbel (Bar vulgaris) a, a probe 

 passed from the mouth, through the 

 pharynx ; b, protractor pharyngis ; c, 

 retractor pharyngis. Original. Fig. 2. 

 Separate lower pharyngeal bone and teeth 

 of the Barbel. Yarrell. Fig. 3. Outer 

 row of pharyngeal teeth of Schizothorax 

 esocinus. Fig. 4. Lower pharyngeal bone 

 and teeth of the Roach (Leuciscus rutilus) 

 Yarrell. Fig. 5. Pharynx of the Tench 

 (Tinea vulgaris), opened from below, and 

 the two pharyngeal bones and teeth diva- 

 ricated ; a, the occipital pharyngeal : b, 

 the sesophagus. Fig. 6. A similar view 

 of the pharynx of a Carp (Cyprinus 

 Carpio) ; a, the occipital pharyngeal 

 plate ; b, part of a cell in the fleshy 

 pharynx cut open, to show ; c, the germ 

 of a pharyngeal tooth. Fig. 7. One of 

 the lower pharyngeal bones and teeth with 

 part of the other bone anchylosed to it, 

 of an old Carp. Fig. 8. Basal pulp- 

 cavity of a large pharyngeal tooth, Carp. 

 Original. 



PLATE 58. 



Fig. 1. — Portion of a pharyngeal tooth and 

 its formative pulp, showing the peri- 

 pheral cells of the latter and the 

 connection of the tubes of the calcified 



part with the nuclei of the cells. The 

 areolar character of the calcifying surface 

 of the pulp is shown at the lower corner 

 of the figure. Fig. 2. Base of the pha- 

 ryngeal tooth of a Barbel. Original. 



PLATE 59. 



Fig. 1. — Side view of the skull and teeth of 

 the Lepidosiren (Protopterus) anneclens. 

 Fig. 2. Front view of the same. Fig. 3. 

 Oral surface of the intermaxillary, maxil- 

 lary and mandibular teeth of ditto. Fig. 4. 

 Reduced view of a vertical section of 

 maxillary dental plate, magnified 120 

 diameters, of the Protopterus annectens. 



PLATE 60. 



Fig. 1. — Upper and lower jaws and teeth of 

 the Wolf fish, (Anarrhichas Lupus), a, 

 intermaxillary : b, maxillary : c, palatine. 

 Fig. 2. Premandibular bone and teeth 

 cleft vertically near the symphysis of 

 ditto. Original. 



PLATE 61. 



Fig. 1. — Lower jaw and teeth of Wolf-fish. 

 Fig. 2. Oral surface of, a, intermaxil- 

 laries, b, palatines, and, c, vomer, with 

 their teeth. Original. 



PLATE 62. 



Fig. 1 . — Side view of the skull and teeth of 

 Menopoma Alleghanniense. Fig. 2. Base 

 of skull with intermaxillary, maxillary 

 and vomerine teeth of ditto. Fig. 3. 

 Skull and teeth of the Proteus anguinus. 

 Fig. 4. Base of skull of Axolotes mexi- 

 canus ; a, intermaxillary ; b, maxillary ; 

 c, vomer; d, pterygoid. Fig. 5. Skull 

 and teeth of Siren laccrtina. Fig. 6. 

 Base of skull of ditto. Fig. 7. Base of 

 skull of Amphiuma tridactylum. Fig. 8. 



