CONTENTS, XI 



of Mosquitoes. — The Desolation of Winter in this Region. — The Reindeer 

 Slaughter-pen on the Kvicliak River. — Amazing Improvidence of the 

 Innuit. — The Tragic Death of Father Juvenals, on the Banks of the Great 

 Ilyamna Lake, 1790. — The Queer Innuits of Togiak. — Immense Muskrat 

 Catch. — The Togiaks are the Quakers of Alaska. — The Kuskokvim Mouth 

 a Vast Salmon-trap. — The Ichthyophagi of Alaska. — Dense Population. — 

 Daily Life of the Fish-eaters. — Infernal Mosquitoes of Kuskokvim ; the 

 Worst in Alaska. — Kolmakovsky ; its History. 



CHAPTER Xm. 



Lonely Northern Wastes pp. 412-435 



The Mississippi of Alaska : the Yukon River, and its Thorough Exploration. — 

 Its vast Deltoid Mouth. — Cannot be Entered by Sea-going Vessels. — Its 

 Valley, and its Tributaries. — Dividing Line between the Eskimo and the 

 Indian on its Banks. — The Trader's Steamer ; its Whistle in this Lone 

 Waste of the Yukon. — Michaelovsky, the Trading Centre for this Exten- 

 sive Circumpolar Area. — The Characteristic Beauties of an Arctic Land- 

 scape in Summer. — Thunder-storms on the Upper Yukon : never Experi- 

 enced on the Coast and at its Mouth. — Gorgeous Arches of Auroral Light; 

 Beautiful Spectacular Fires in the Heavens. — Unhappy Climate. — Saint 

 Michael's to the Northward. — Zagoskin, the Intrepid Young Russian Ex- 

 plorer, 1842. — Snow Blizzards. — Golovin Bay; our People Prospecting 

 there for Lead and Silver. — Drift-wood from the Yukon Strews the 

 Beaches of Bering Sea. — Ookivok, and its Cliff-cave Houses. — Hardy 

 Walrus-hunters. — Grantley Harbor; a Reminder of a Costly American 

 Enterprise and its Failure. — Cape Prince of Wales — facing Asia, thirty-six 

 miles away. — Simeon Deschnev, the fir.st White Man to see Alaska, 1648. 

 His Bold Journey. — The Diomede Islands ; Stepping-stones between Asia 

 and America in Bering Straits. — Kotzebue Sound; the Rendezvous for 

 Arctic Traders; the Last Northern Station Visited by Salmon. — Interest- 

 ing Features of the Place. 



CHAPTER XIV. 



Morse and Mahlemoot pp. 436-465 



The Monotonous Desolation of the Alaskan Arctic Coast. — Dreary Expanse of 

 Low Moorlands. — Diversified by Saddle-backed Hills of Gray and Bronze 

 Tints. — The Coal of Cape Beaufort in the Arctic. — A Narrow Vein. — 

 Pure Carboniferous Formation. — Doubtful if these Alaskan " Black Dia- 

 monds " can be Successfully Used. — Icy Cape, a Sand- and Gravel-spit. — 

 Remarkable Land-locked Lagoons on the Beach. — The Arctic Innuits. — 

 Point Barrow, Our Extreme Northern Land, a Low Gravel-spit. — The But- 



