BY R. M. JOHNSTON, F.L.S. 81 
EvIpENCES oF ForMER GLACIATION IN THE SOUTHERN 
HEMISPHERE (AusTRALIA, New ZEALAND, AND Tas- 
MANIA) SUBSEQUENT TO THE DEPOSITION oF Rocks oF 
Miocene AGE. 
New Zealand—One of the: most accomplished geological 
observers, Prof. T. D. Hutton, in commenting ‘On the Sup- 
posed Glacial Epoch in Australia” (Proc. Roy. Soc. of N.S. 
Wales, pp. 338, 359, 1885), states that “In New Zealand there 
are, as is well known, ice marks dating from the present day 
to some period when the glaciers were at their greatest extent, 
and for many years New Zealand geologists have been accus- 
tomed to call this latter time the g/acier epoch of New Zealand, 
m order to distinguish it from a glaczal epoch, which term 
implies a considerable reduction of temperature.” The 
term g/acier he considers does not imply any hypothesis as to 
the cause. He affirms also that all New Zealand geologists 
are of opinion that the g/acier epoch there was long anterior 
to the glacial epoch of Europe and North America. In com- 
bating erroneous views of Dr. von Lendenfeld as to the date 
of the former glacier epoch, he states that “ The islands in the 
Sounds are not mouzonneés, and although some of the smaller 
ones are rounded, they show no signs of lee and strike sides, 
The precipices on either side of the Sounds are alsv in 
general quite rough, and I noticed only two localities 
(both previously observed by Dr. Hector) where there 
Was any appearance of polishing: one was in Milford 
Sound on the south side of the entrance to the ‘“ Narrows,’ 
the other near Deas Cove, in Thompson Sound. T 
saw neither grooves nor. strie; but Dr. Hector 
noticed them.in Thompson Sound, and in the Cleddan 
Valley.” He, however, continues:—‘“All this is very 
different from any glaciated district in Scotland; Wales, or 
Treland, where nearly every rock tells the same tale, and, 
judging from published accounts, it is very different from the 
fiords of Norway, the rocks of which are much the same as 
those of the West Coast Sounds of New Zealand. Yet that 
these Sounds have at one time been occupied by ice is proved 
by the huge granite boulders lying on the sandstones and 
mudstones at Kisbee Bay in Preservation Inlet.” He refers 
these evidences of glaciation and great glacier epoch as 
belonging to a very ancient date, long anterior to the glacial 
epoch of Kurope and North America. There is apparently 
nowhere in New Zealand any evidence of such intense giacia- 
tion as that which spread over the lower levels of Scotland, 
Treland, aad Wales, as we have no mention of anything 
corresponding to the “ till” of the great northern ice sheet. 
