84 THE GLACIER EPOCH OF AUSTRALASIA. 
here. On the south side moraine matter is very abundant, 
and includes many boulders, some occurring as blocks perches.” 
“The common rocks of the moraine de4ris are granites, 
gneiss, hornblende schists, and others, which do not occur in 
situations nearer than the Gorge at Normanville, about 46 
miles tothe south. Inall, 17 distinct varieties of rock, chiefly 
metamorphic and foreign to the immediate neighbourhood, 
have been collected along the path of the glacier. The proxi- 
mity of the miocene escarpments suggest the possibility of the 
pre-miocene (post-miocene?) age of the glacier.” . . . 
“Tt is highly probable that the glacier cut its way through 
the incoherent miocene formation, and that some of the 
miocene shingle furnished some portion of the moraine 
debris.” 
Professor Tate selects particular examples of the debris for 
illustrating their glacial character, viz, slab of quartzite 
having a highly polished surface and faintly striated; chip 
of mudstone having a smooth surface, strongly striated 
and grooved; ice-worn pebble polished and striated on 
its upper and lower faces, found partly embedded in soil 
resting on glaciated surface. Professor Tate also draws 
attention to some forgotten early observations of Mr. Selwyn 
in relation to glacialphenomena in South Australia, discovered, 
by him, further south in the bed of the Inman, Cape Jarvis 
Peninsula, consisting of smooth striated and grooved rock 
surfaces, of which Mr. Selwyn wrote :—“ The direction of the 
grooves and scratches is east and west in parallel lines, and 
though they follow the course of the stream I do not think 
that they could have been produced by the action of water 
forcing pebbles and boulders detached from the drift along 
the stream.” The rounded surfaces of mica slate on the south 
flank of Kaiserstuhl and Crafer’s on the Adelaide chain 
referred to by Professor Tate are less satisfactory, and are 
only suggestive, and their value as collateral supports 
depends entirely upon the character and derivation of the ice 
which caused the phenomena near the present sea level at 
Black Point, Holdfast Bay. Professor Tate’s own conclusions 
as to the cause of these undoubted glacial phenomena are 
threefold, viz., either— 
1. The prevalence of a very much colder climate. 
2. That the land stood at a much greater altitude (say 
10,000 feet), or the mountains (presumably the 
Adelaide chain, whose few high peaks at present do 
not much exceed 2,000 feet, R.M.J.) may have had a 
more plateau-like form, and therefore need not have 
been so high, and consequently collected more snow. 
3. A combination of both of the preceding conditions (1 
and 2). 
