120 THE GLACIER EPOCH OF AUSTRALASIA, 
us broadly satisfactory isochionals for various latitudes, 
embracing at least the whole of the region subjected to 
glaciation, excepting of course the local glaciation of moun- 
tains ascending beyond the névé in higher temperate and 
tropical countries. 
It is also necessary to understand clearly the position which 
Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand occupy in southern 
latitudes, as compared with the position of countries in 
Europe, in northern latitudes, over which it is known intense 
glaciation extended during the Great Glacial Epoch. 
For this purpose I have placed in parallel columns the 
names of a few well-known places nearly in the same line of 
isotherm or latitude, and therefore approximately the respective 
equivalents of each other in north and south latitude. 
APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENTS. 
Estimate height of snow 
Present Glacial 
Time. Epoch. 
Northern Hemisphere. Southern Latitudes. Northern Latitudes. 
1. Southern limit of N. Mouth of River ,‘Loire, 
Zealand. France 
2. Southern limit of Venice, Bayonne. 
Tasmania. 
38. Southern limit of Lisbon, Valencia. 
Australia. 
9,520 6,520 4, Mount Cook, New Pyrenees, Rotondo, Balkans 
Zealand. Apennines. 
9,520 6,520 5. Mount Olympus, Cape St. Vincent, Sicily, 
Cradle Mount, Tas- Athens. 
mania. 
11,187 Si 1S Se: ects Marsh, Vic- Sierra Nevada. 
oria. 
§7. Mount Kosciusko. Tangiers, N. Africa, Malta, 
11,480 } 8,480 (8 Mount Lofty Range, Cyprus, Mount Atlas, N 
Adelaide. Africa, Morocco. 
9. Australia. North Africa, Syria. 
The importance of this contrast is great, because it brings 
forcibly before our minds that the position of Australia 
corresponds, not with the glaciated area of North and 
Central Europe, but with those more genial southerly regions 
of North Africa and Syria, lying beyond the scope of the 
intense glacial influence of the glacial epoch; and it reminds 
us also, although we may be prepared to agree with Sir Robt. 
Ball, that we might find evidence of corresponding glacial 
intensity to the northen ice age of Europe in the Southern 
Hemisphere, that Australasia in any part—perhaps with the 
exception of Stewart Island lying at the southern extremity 
of New Zealand—does not come within that portion of the 
Southern Hemisphere which corresponds with the specially glaciated 
region of Northern and Central Europe and North America. Tf 
we reason from the known to the unknown, therefore, we have 
good a fosteriort grounds for doubting the value of evidence 
which locates the effects of intense glacial action, during the 
