122 THE GLACIER EPOCH OF AUSTRALASIA. 
and North Germany) passed in glacial times over the northern 
part of the Mediterranean. . . It is interesting to 
note that while in the Tabra (North Carpathians) the snow 
line was depressed in glacial times to the extent of 2,700 feet 
only, in the Alps it descended some 4,000 feet or more 
below its present level. With the snow line of that great 
chain at such an elevation it is obvious that only a few of the 
higher points of the Apennines could rise into the regions of the 
néve. This ts the reason why moraines are met with in only 
the higher valleys. of that range.” 
Professor Jas Geikie elsewhere remarks :—“Isochional lines 
are not isotherms. Their height and direction are determined 
not only by temperature, but by the amount and distribution 
of the snowfall.* Nevertheless, the position of the snow 
line in Europe during the ice age enables us to form a rough 
estimate of the temperature. At present, in middle Europe, 
the temperature fallst 1° F. for every 300 feet of ascent, 
Hence, if we take the average depression of the snow line in 
glacial times at 3,000 feet, that would correspond approxi- 
mately to a lowering of the temperature by 10:2°. This may 
not appear to be much, but, as Penck poimts out, were the 
mean annual temperature to be lowered to that extent, it 
would bring the climate of Northern Norway down to 
Southern Germany, and the climate of Sweden to Austria 
and Moravia, while that of the Alps would be met with over 
the basin of the Mediterranean.” 
“ Let it be noted further that this lowering of the tempera- 
ture, this displacement of climatic zones, was experienced 
over the whole continent, extending on the one hand south 
into Africa, and on the other east into Asia. Aut while the 
conditions in LVorthern and Central Europe were markedly 
glacial, further south only more or less tsolated snow-capped 
mountains and local glaciers appeared, such, for example, as 
those of Sterra Nevada, the Apennines, Corsica, the Atlas, 
the Lebanon, etc.” 
It is of particular interest to note the portion of Professor 
Geikie’s remarks, which have been italicised, as it is just this 
milder form of glaciation which we can reasonably expect in 
the southernmost part of Australasia, including Tasmania 
and New Zealand, whose position is almost the exact equiva- 
lent of the regions bordering the Mediterranean referred to by 
him; and also, that even withinthis southern region of Australia, 
itis only in the vicinity of mountains whose crests are likely 
* The better known term ‘‘ isochryme” only implies equality in extremes of cola 
(R. M. J.). 
+ From independent calculations based, by the writer, on Mr. R. H. Scott’s tables 
of existing mean temperatures for various latitudes, together with Le of existing 
Snow line over both A it would require only a fall of ldeg. F. for every 
400 feet of ascent. (R. M 
