410 Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society. 



8. Strongylocentrotus lividus (Lamarck), Agassiz. 



1816. Echinus lividus, Lamarck, Hist. anim. s. vert., iii., p. 50. 



,, ,, Milne Edwards, in Cuvier, Kegne anim., 



Zooph., pi. xi. , figs. 2-4. 

 1841. ,, ,, Forbes, Brit. Starf., p. 167, cut. 



Echinus lithoj^hagus, Leach, Phil. Mag., xxxix., p. 100 (fide 

 Agassiz). 

 1872. Strovgylocentrotus lividus, Agassiz, Rev. Echin., pp. 164, 446, 



pi. vh, fig. 3 ; pi. xxiv., fig. 25. 

 1884. ,, ,, Carus, Prodr. faun. Medit, p. 99. 



Diagnosis. 



Test circular ; pores in each set diminishing towards the mouth 

 to four, and lastly three, pairs ; primary spines decidedly larger 

 than the secondary; spines usually purple, but varying from olive 

 to yellow. 



Distribution. 



British Seas. — " Peculiar to Ireland . . . chiefly found in the 

 south" (Forbes, 1). South and west of Ireland (ThOxMpson, 2). 

 Ireland, Kilkee (Brit. Mus.). Kerry, Koundstone (Coll. Norman). 

 Loch Fyne, Tory I. (Kinahan). Ilfracombe (Brit. Mus.). Fal- 

 mouth (Cocks). Jersey (Coll. Norman). Jersey, Guernsey, Herm 

 (Kcehler). 



Other Localities. — Norway, down to 30 fms. (M'Andrew and 

 Barrett).^ Coast of France (Cailliaud ; Fischer ; Barrois ; 

 Copenhagen Mus.). Cape Finisterre (Brit. Mus.). Spain (Coll. 

 Norman, pres. by Don Pedro Antiga). Portugal (Brit. Mus.). 

 Mediterranean (Brit. Mus.: Copenhagen Mus.; Ludwig ; Carus). 

 Madeira (Brit. Mus.). Azores (Agassiz, 3; Copenhagen Mus.). 

 Canaries (Haeckel). Brazil (Agassiz, 3, 5). 



5. Sphaerechinus, Desor. 



1857. SpJicerecJiimcs, Desor, Synops. Ech. foss., p. 134. 



Mouth deeply notched; pores in series of from four to eight; 

 perignathic girdle with low ridges and a large arch. 



9. Sphaerechinus granulans (Lamarck), i^gassiz. 



1816. Echinus granularis, Lamarck, Hist. anim. s. vert., iii., p. 44. 

 1834. Echimcs esculentus, Blainville, Man. d'Actinol., p. 228, pi. xix. 

 1834. ,, ,, Milne Edwards, in Cuvier, Regne anim., 



Zooph., pi. xi., fig. 1. 



^ Recorded as Echinus iicglccius ; most likely Strongylocentrotus dro- 

 hachiensis is intended. 



