Or 
Vice-President’s Address. 22! 
UPPER CARBONIFEROUS. 
III. MILusTonE Grit. 
Fossil plants are very rare in rocks of this age. The 
specimens found in the sandstones are generally too im- 
perfectly preserved to admit of satisfactory determination, 
and the associated shales are most frequently barren. All 
the species yet discovered in this series are identical with 
those occurring in the Lower Coal-Measures—in fact, so far 
as one can learn from the fossil plants, the Millstone Grit 
does not paleeontologically form a separate series. 
During the deposition of these rocks the physical conditions 
must have differed somewhat from those which existed 
during the formation of the Coal-Measures, but the plant 
life which plays such an important part in the formation of 
coal in the Coal-Measures, here makes its appearance upon 
the scene. It has already been mentioned that the plants 
whose advent takes place in the Millstone Grit, are all 
specifically distinct from those which preceded them, and 
that we here meet with a new flora—a flora having a facies 
of its own, and whose general characteristics are common 
to the plants of the succeeding Coal-Measures. 
CoAL-MEASURES. 
The Coal-Measures are characterised by a great develop- 
ment of Ferns, Calamites, Lepidodendra, Sigillariew, and 
Cordaites, but in each of the divisions of the Coal-Measures 
—the Lower, the Middle, and the Upper—certain groups 
are more developed in one division than in the others. 
TV. Lower Coau-MEASURES. 
The most common plants of the Lower Coal-Measures are 
Neuropteris heterophylla, Brongt., Alethopteris lonchitica, Schl. 
sp., Aleth. decurrens, Artis sp., Sphen. obtusiloba, Brongt., 
Lepidodendron ophiurus, Brongt., Calamites Suckowti, Brongt., 
and Calamites ramosus, Artis. 
Many other species of these genera occur, but the above, 
