The Penguins of Erebus and Terror Gulf. 331 
numbers about lat. 64° S. and between the meridians of 
47° and 49° W. The stomach of one of the large penguins 
which I examined contained the following heterogeneous 
mixture :—Several beaks of very large cuttlefish, a large 
number of schizopodous crustacea, some fish bones, and a 
considerable quantity of angular pebbles. 
The Pygoscelis Adelie, or Dasyrhamphus Adelie (H. and J.), 
was by far the most common form. It was daily to be seen 
swimming or sitting on the ice in tens or twenties, or some- 
times in large schools. We had ample opportunities of 
watching the peculiar gait and attitudes of this bird, which he 
shows in common with many of his tribe, and which indeed 
have often been described before. Standing absolutely erect, 
he supports himself on the tripod of feet and tail. As he 
waddles along, with his feet as it were tied together, and 
trying to balance himself by vigorous movements of his 
flippers, his tail cuts a deep furrow in the snow, broken at 
intervals as he half loses his balance and sways forwards: 
hurrying on, he soon loses his balance altogether, and topples 
forward on to his breast, in which attitude he proceeds at an 
even more rapid pace, the flippers being used alternately as 
paddles and the feet pushing behind—the tail in this position 
not touching the snow. In the water his modes of progres- 
sion are also two. Usually he is seen to swim under water 
in a prolonged dive, broken at intervals of about 30 yards 
as he rises for breath, leaping clear out of the water to the 
height of perhaps a foot, and immediately disappearing with 
scarcely a ripple, after clearing a space of about two or 
two and a half feet. Swimming thus, the feet remain 
motionless, and only the flippers are used alternately as 
powerful paddles. In this way he shoots along with great 
rapidity. The other mode of swimming develops but a slow 
pace; floating on the surface like a cormorant, he swims in 
the ordinary way by means of his webbed feet, his wings 
remaining idle. On leaving the water for the ice, he shoots 
straight up from below the surface, and lands in an erect 
position, looking for all the world like a jack-in-the-box. In 
this way he can jump on to a piece of ice as much as two 
and a half feet above the water-line. 
