: The Penguins of Erebus and Terror Gulf. 333 
This specimen was unfortunately lost. On the same 
piece of ice were a Chionis and a seal. It was found over 
and over again, from inspection of the seals’ stomachs, that 
the penguins form the main part of their diet; but at the 
same time the penguins, while on the ice, show no fear 
of the seals, and it is therefore probable that they are 
captured while in the water or during the night. The seals 
leave the ice about seven in the evening to feed, returning 
about nine o’clock in the morning to bask during the day. 
We saw these black-throated penguins as far south as we 
went, that is about 644°, and I have no doubt they extended 
much farther. Within 30 miles of the land they were fairly 
numerous, but at a greater distance from shore, even in the 
midst of abundant ice of the same character, they became 
scarce, and only very few were seen 90 miles from land. 
Four penguin rookeries were seen about the south of 
Joinville Island. One of these—a very large one—belong- 
ing to this species was visited. It is situated on the north 
shore of what our captain has called “the Firth of Tay.” I 
had not the good fortune to land upon this rookery; accord- 
ing to the boat’s crew who did so, the birds were in countless 
multitudes. The nests were crowded together in blocks 
formed by pathways running nearly at right angles to one 
another, and the birds were uniformly of the same species. 
Two eggs from this rookery measure 2°5 inches by 2 inches, 
and 2°6 by 2:1 inches. 
The cry is seldom heard, and mostly at night or when the 
birds are disturbed. It is a short, rather harsh “quangk;” 
among themselves, when undisturbed, they make a gentle 
crooning sound. Their food consists mainly of a rather 
large red shrimp-like crustacean of the genus Luphansia. 
Their stomach frequently contained a number of pebbles. 
About the second week in February we began to see, 
between the latitudes of 624° and 634°, large flocks of a 
white-throated penguin, described as Dasyrhamphus Herculis 
by Dr O. Finsch,! and at the same time the black-throated 
form became much scarcer, not more than half a dozen to 
a dozen being seen during the day. It certainly seemed 
1 Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 332, pl. xxv. 
