436 Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society. 
The inland districts of the east coast region do not vary 
much from the conditions which obtain at the coast, though 
of course altitude makes itself felt in modifying those con- 
ditions somewhat. Thus, around Kilimanjaro the mean 
annual temperature may be said to be slightly higher than 
at Zanzibar, mainly about 85° F., but there is a somewhat 
greater range, and the nightly mean is probably about 66° F. 
Farther south in the Mpwapwa district, according to Pruen, 
the maximum daily temperature during the hot season 
varies from 80° to 90° F.; the minimum at nights is 65° F. 
During the cold season the daily maximum varies from 70° 
to 80° F., the lowest night temperature being 60° F. At 
Blantyre, still farther south, and at an altitude of 3000 feet, 
the mean annual temperature is 64° F. The hottest season 
is during October and November, when the mean temperature 
is about 75° F., the coolest season being June and July, with 
a temperature of about 60° F. The rainfall in these districts 
is the same as that upon the coast, the smallest precipitation 
being near Blantyre, with an average amount of 58 inches, 
and increasing to 200 inches in the north. 
The east coast of Africa is undoubtedly very unhealthy, 
and on the coast, and with few exceptions in the interior, 
emigrants from the temperate zone cannot thrive. Practically, 
the Shiré highlands, the slopes of Kilimanjaro and the dis- 
tricts to the north-west of that mountain are the only two 
areas in which it is possible to think of white races colonising. 
The diseases which do not occur on the east coast are scarlet 
fever, phthisis, and goitre, nor is cancer met with. Whoop- 
ing-cough is occasionally known; hepatitis and tropical 
abscesses of the liver are less frequently met with than 
might be expected; measles are very rare, although one or 
two serious epidemics have occurred in the southern part of 
the district under consideration. Both the anesthetic and 
tubercular forms of leprosy are occasionally met with. 
Cholera has visited the east. coast of Africa on several 
occasions (Christie). Rheumatism, especially the chronic 
form, is met with all over this area, and syphilis and 
ophthalmia are very prevalent. lephantiasis arabum is 
also seen, but not extensively, except at Zanzibar, where it 
