President's Address. gt 
north of Africa, in the Nicobar Islands, in Australia and 
New Zealand, and in the West Indies; while further re- 
searches will doubtless show that their occurrence is much 
more common than has been hitherto supposed. So far, 
therefore, from its being true that we have no evidence in 
our existing dry lands of any deposits similar to these now 
being laid down in the abysses of the deep sea, we have 
ample proof of the presence of such deposits in the Tertiary 
rocks, at points scattered almost all over the globe. As I 
said before, the only escape from this conclusion is to assert 
that while all the known post-Tertiary Radiolarian oozes are 
of deep-sea origin, all the Tertiary and pre-Tertiary Radio- 
larian oozes are shown, by the simple fact of their occurrence 
in the dry. land, to be of shallow-water origin. There is, 
however, one case in which we have in the dry land—in the 
island of Barbados—an almost complete series of deposits 
similar to those now being laid down in our deep oceans ; 
and I shall ask your attention more especially to this, 
because it has been carefully worked out by Messrs Jukes- 
Browne and Harrison (Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. xlviii., 
p. 170, 1892). 
These highly competent observers have shown that the 
basement-beds of Barbados are sandstones and limestones 
of Tertiary (Miocene or Pliocene) age. These beds (the 
so-called “Scotland formation”) are wnconformably overlaid 
by a series of “oceanic” or deep-water deposits (marls, 
chalk, etc.), which may reach a thickness of 2000 feet, and 
which are, in turn, wnconformably overlaid by a coralline 
limestone (an elevated coral reef). The Tertiary basement 
beds must have been deposited in shallow water near a 
shore-line ; and their deposition was followed by elevation of 
the sea-floor into dry land, the beds being flexured and 
fractured in the process. This probably occurred in late 
Tertiary time. Subsidence then set in, the basement-beds 
undergoing in the process much denudation, and being 
planed down to an approximately level surface. This sub- 
-sidence must have gone on till true deep-sea conditions were 
established—a depth of about 2000 fathoms, at least, being 
reached—as is shown by the nature of the remarkable 
