The Tufied Duck in Scotland. 145 
Graham-Montgomery, in the hope that something more 
definite regarding Mr Maunderston, and any possible written 
memoranda left by him, might have been preserved by his 
descendants, but I have ascertained nothing of sufficiently 
definite character. 
I propose first to present some idea of THe CONTINENTAL 
DISTRIBUTION, down to the dates of Dresser’s “Birds of 
Europe” (1878) and Giitke’s “Heligoland” (1895). The 
first-named author says in effect:—Absent in Iceland; once 
recorded in Ferée in June 1872; found nesting in north 
and south of Norway, but nowhere numerous; Lake Enare, 
and north of Finland and Sweden, less numerously in the 
southern districts; not seen on the Delta of the Dwina [in 
1871]; scarce on the Lower Petchora [only two examples 
met with in 1875]; but generally distributed in Central 
tussia; very numerous in the N. (?) Ural! and S.W. 
slopes; not in Poland, except on passage; nests in N. 
Germany in several places ; occasionally in Denmark; and 
still rarer in Holland, Belgium, and north of France; 
and thence southwards, it is spoken of as wintering, or 
as passing on migration along the coasts, and by the Rhine 
valley. 
Gitke tells us the Tufted Duck has only occurred 
at Heligoland in a few isolated instances, but remarks: 
—‘“This is less surprising, seeing that it is pre-eminently 
an Eastern species, its nests being rare and isolated in the 
north of Scotland and Norway, but becoming more frequent 
1] queried the quotation from Dresser as regards its distribution in 
North Russia, and have been in correspondence with him, and he agrees with 
me that there is probably a slip in the statement in The Birds of Europe 
(1878). He writes (23rd December 1895): ‘‘I have not had any reply from 
Menzbier re Tufted Duck yet, though he has answered two other queries. I 
wrote again, and directly I have an answer, will let you know. I should 
say,’’ continues Mr Dresser, ‘‘‘ Hast of White Sea is correct,’ and that also 
it should be ‘the Urals on their south slopes.’”” The above reference to dis- 
tribution ‘‘east of the White Sea” is in reply to my criticism of the statement 
in Saunder’s Manual of British Birds (q.v., p. 435), in which the Conti- 
nental distribution is spoken of thus—‘‘ beyond the Arctic Circle it is 
comparatively rare.” I believe this latter description does not sufficiently 
confine the limits of its northern distribution, and a more southern latitude 
should be quoted, Vide Annals and Magazine of Natural History, April 
1877, p. 163; July 1877, p. 119; and September 1877, p. 153. 
