408 Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society. 



to impart warmth to the surface of the earth, they emerge 

 from their deeper winter retreats, and are then to be found 

 in plenty under stones, planks, bark, etc., where some 

 dampness exists, in almost any situation having a southern 

 exposure. They breed in spring and summer, and during 

 the summer and autumn months quite young ones are 

 frequent. The Centipedes, it may be mentioned, are 

 carnivorous, while the Millipedes are vegetable feeders. 



Since this paper was read, Messrs H. W. Brolemann of 

 Pau (formerly of Paris) and Edv. p]llingsen of Kragero, 

 Norway, have each been so kind as to examine some specimens 

 for me, a favour I greatly appreciate. To have had a number 

 of my records authenticated by them adds greatly to the 

 value of the list.^ 



Class CHILOPODA (Centipedes). 

 Family LITHOBIIDiE. 



Lithobius forficatus (Linn.). 



Scolopcnclra forjicata, Stewart's 1809 list (1). 



Abundant throughout the area under stones, boards, logs, 



etc. Behind the turf at the foot of a wall, and under loose 



bark on a rotten tree trunk, are favourite haunts. Wliile 



plentiful in the neighbourhood of houses and about gardens, 



it is by no means confined to these, but is likewise quite 



common in outlying woods and on the hills — indeed, almost 



anywhere. Eecorded by Leach (2) under the name of 



L. Icevilahrum, as " common in Scotland in rocky places." 



Extra-British range very extensive. 



Local data. — The following localities — a few only of those from which 

 specimens have been identified during the last five or six years — will show 

 how widely this species is distributed. Has been found in every month of 

 the year, though most in evidence from March to October, and probably 

 breeds during the greater part of this period. Quite young ones have been 

 observed in autumn, and in spring, no doubt after hibernation: — Morning- 

 side ; Mortonhall, !P. ; Salisbury Crags ; Polton ; fir-wood, near Kirknewton, 

 ad. 6 S , ? ? , common, 31st March, ! E., etc. ; Aberlady ; Boltonmoor Wood ; 

 Dalmeny; Bo'ness; Dysart, !E. ; Aberdour ; Nortli Queensferry; Cleisb Hills; 

 Culross; Abbey Craig, near Stirling; Ocbils ; Aberfoyle ; Callander; etc. 



^ The mark ! after a record signifies that a specimen has been determined 

 by Brolemann, Ellingsen, or Pocock, as indicated. 



