Presidents Address. 197 



phical inquiry." Faraday's experiments have demonstrated 

 that electricity, galvanism, and magnetism are but modifica- 

 tions of the same force under different circumstances. He 

 discovered magnetic electricity, arrived inductively at its 

 principles, enumerated the laws of its phenomena, and 

 elevated it to the dignity of a science. He condensed many 

 gases, supposed to be permanent, into liquids, and destroyed 

 the distinction until then received between gases and vapours. 

 Mr Faraday was the author of a multitude of works on 

 chemical and physical subjects, all of which subjects are 

 treated with rare ability. 



Two other names which made their mark on the times 

 must be mentioned ; they were chemists also ; the one a 

 Swede, Berzelius, and the other the famous John Dalton. 



John Jacob Berzelius was the first who gave modern 

 analytical chemistry that exactness on which its value 

 depends. He co-operated with Dalton in establishing the 

 atomic theory, and determined the equivalents of the elements 

 with great exactness. He was a voluminous writer, and 

 acquired great celebrity as a public lecturer. He died in 1848. 



John Dalton was the author of the atomic theory, and 

 which has been found to be invaluable as a precise and brief 

 exponent of the relations and values of the chemical consti- 

 tuents, expressed by a simple form of notation, and which is 

 in general use at the present time. Dalton died much 

 honoured and lamented in 1844 



The following savans have died within the last few years, 

 and have left notable works for the benefit of posterity; 

 their names are not mentioned in any order : Sir John 

 Graham Dalyell, Professor John Fleming, Professor Edward 

 Forbes, Louis Agassiz, and Alex, von Humboldt, naturalists; 

 Dominic Fran9ois Arago, physical discoverer; Sir David 

 Brewster, discoverer in optics ; Professor James David Forbes, 

 physicist ; Sir John Herschel (son of Sir William), astrono- 

 mer ; Justus von Liebig, chemist ; Sir Jas. Y. Simpson, dis- 

 coverer in anaesthetics; Sir Charles Lyell, Sir Eoderick 

 Murchison, Sir Henry de la Beche, Professor John Phillips, 

 and Hugh Miller, geologists; Sir William Hamilton and 

 John Stuart Mill, metaphysicians. 



