234 Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society. 



the line of London Street and the Trongate, and may be 

 traced in this way a considerable distance. 



Mr Eobert Chambers has described the terraces of Glasgow 

 at great length. 



In addition to the evidence of these ancient sea-margins we 

 have the authentic records of the discovery of shells in the 

 clays and sands of which many of them are composed. 



Thus, at various points in the parishes of Paisley and 

 Eenfrew shells have been met with, as at Oakshaw and 

 Bellahouston. 



They have been found in some of the brickfields of Ann- 

 field (east of Glasgow) by Mr John Craig ; and by the same 

 person in various other jjlaces at 40, 80, 100, and 360 feet 

 above the sea-level. 



In cutting the Paisley Canal about four miles from Glas- 

 gow, twenty-two species were observed ; again, on the shores 

 of Loch Lomond, at Dalmuir on the Clyde, on the shores 

 of the Kyles of Bute, and in many other places. 



The former existence of the sea, or at least of a branch of 

 it, of greater extent than at present, in the neighbourhood of 

 Glasgow, is borne out by the discovery of canoes embedded 

 in the soil at various depths. 



The first canoe was dug out of the foundations of the 

 original church of St Enoch's in 1 780. It was lying flat and 

 filled with sand and shells. In the bottom was sticking a 

 celt, or stone hatchet, of bloodstone, and in good preservation. 

 It is highly polished, and the place where the band fastening 

 it to the handle passed, is marked by being rough. 



The second boat was found in 1781, when digging the 

 foundations of the Tontine Buildings in the Trongate. 



The third and fourth in 1825, the former when opening 

 London Street, and the latter in digging a drain in Stockwell 

 Street. The position of the London Street boat was vertical, 

 the prow being uppermost, as if it had sunk stern foremost. 

 It was also filled with sand and shells. 



In 1847 and 1848 no fewer than four (Nos. 5 to 8) of these 

 canoes were discovered within a few yards of each other at 

 Springfield on the south side of the Clyde, nearly opposite to 

 Napier's Dock. They were lying about 100 feet from the 



