On Spores in the Carhoniferous FoTmatio7i of Scotland. 107 



Teiletes I. PL III., Figs, la and Ih. 



Macrospore large, outer surface of glossy smoothness. 

 Triradiate ridge occupying two-thirds of the upper surface, 

 the extremities of the arms of which are connected by a more 

 or less clearly defined semicircular ridge which divides the 

 central portion of the spore into three depressed areas, each 

 bounded by two straight lines and a curved one. A few short 

 wrinkles generally radiate from the centre. 



Average size. — 1*65 mm. 



Horizon. — Coal Measures. 



Localities.— 21, 28, 29, 34, 35. 



Triletes II. PL III., FiVs. 2«, 25, and 2c. 



o- 



This form has the general character of Triletes I., but is 

 smaller, and appears to have been stouter. The triradiate 

 ridge also occupies rather more than two-thirds of the upper 

 surface. 



The var. A (PL III., Fig. 26), from Loc. 11, has a much 

 stronger triradiate ridge, and may belong to a plant specific- 

 ally distinct from that which bore the type form of Triletes II. 



A curious variety is given at Fig. 2c, where between the 

 diverging ridges three or four small oval pit-like hollows 

 occur. 



Average size. — 1*25 mm. 



Horizons. — Coal Measures (Figs. 2a and 2c), and Carboni- 

 ferous Limestone Series (Fig. 26). 



Localities.— 11 (Fig. 26), 34 (Figs. 2a, 2c), 35. 



to be full of spores of the same kinds and in the same condition as those from 

 the lumps of mud on the top of the sand-bed in the boulder clay. 



Following up the clue which circumstances had thus given, all the likely- 

 fireclays and coals in the Niddrie cutting were examined for spores, as also 

 the same rocks on the shore at Joppa and on the Fife coast at Dysart, with 

 the result that spores were found in a greater or less degree in all. The poor 

 coals and shales of the calciferous sandstones, and the richer coals and shales 

 of the Coal Measures, were next examined ; and though spores were not 

 nniversally found, they were found in so many, that it may be concluded 

 that almost every coal or fireclay and many plant-beds have spores embedded 

 in them in such a way that they can be easily separated from the matrix by 

 the methods described in this paper (p. 92). 



