Influence of Environment upon the Organism. 473 



28. Semper, K. Tiber die Wachsthum-Bedingungen des Lym- 

 ncfMS stagnalis. Arb. Zool. Inst. Wiirzburg, T. i. 

 (1874), p. 137. Cf. 02X cit. sujora. 



29. . Op. cit. supra. 



Axolotls reduced to sterility for two years by removing 

 objects for egg-deposition. Production in cramped space 

 of dvarf broods (Asellus, Lymnseus). 



30. . Op. cit. supra. 



Effects of currents on shells, coral growths, etc. 



31. Spengel, J. W. Schwerkraft und Zelltheilimg. Biol. 



Centralblt., v. (1886), pp. "663-668. 

 Historical notice of some of the numerous investigations. 

 (Born, Hertwig, Pfliiger, etc.) 



32. TiCHOMiROFF, A. Die kiinstliche Parthenogenese bei In- 



sekten. Arch. f. Anat. u. Physiol., Suppt. Bd. (1886), 

 pp. 35, 36. 



Artificial parthenogenesis induced, by mechanical stimulus. 



33. Vines, S. H. Op. cit. Gravitation, p. 409. Influence of 



Currents, p. 473, etc. 



33a. Wiesner, J. Biol. Centralblt., vii. (1887), p. 21. Akad. 

 Wiss. Wien, 1887. 

 Influence of wind on transpiration and stomata. 



34. Yung, E. L'influence des milieux physico-chimiques sur le 



d^veloppement des animaux. Archiv. Sci. Phys. et 

 Nat., iiv. (1885), pp. 255-257. 



The fewer tadpoles in a given space, the quicker the develop, 

 ment. 



II. Chemical. 

 (a.) Chemical Composition of Medium (35-70). 



35. Bert, P. Sur la cause de la mort des animaux d'eau douce 



qu'on plonge dans I'eau de mer et reciproquement. 

 Comptes Rendus, xcvii., pp. 133-136 {Of. ibid., 1871, 

 pp. 381 and 464). 

 Effect of salt water on epithelium, circulation, etc. 



36. Brandt, K. Die Sphserozoen. Fauna und Flora des Golfes 



von Neapel. Monographic xiii. (1886). 

 Sensitiveness to changes in salinity. 



