Irijiitence of Environment upon Hue Orrjanisrii. 493 



fces Rendus, civ. (1887), pp. 1113-1115. Ann. Nat. 

 Hist., XX., pp. 78-80. 



Phyxus paguri makes abdominal appendages of male Eupa- 

 gurus like normal female, and testes are filled with 

 imperfect spermatozoa. Peltogaster paguri makes male 

 Pagurus sterile, and modifies abdominal appendages of 

 female in the direction of the normal male. 



199a. KoROTiVEFF, A. Zwei neue Ccelenteraten. Zeitschr. f, 

 wiss. Zool., xlv. (1887), pp. 468-490, 1 pi. 



200. Leuckart, R. Die Parasiten des Menschen. Leipzig, 1876, 



1881. Vol. i. translated by W. E. Hoyle, Edinb., 

 1886. 



Effects of parasite on host — inflammation, boring, choking, 

 deterioration of juices ; also destruction of reproductive 

 organs {Cuterchra emasculator in testes of squirrel, Nema- 

 todes on pond snails). Cf. Semper. 



201. LuNDSTROM, A. N. Pflanzenbiologische Studien. II. Die 



Anpassungen der Pflanzen an Thieren. N. Act. 

 Upsala, xiii., 2 (1887), pp. 1-88, 4 pis. 



202. Roux, W. Der Kampf der Theile im Organismus. Leipzig, 



1881. 



Illustration of histological modification induced by pfirasites. 



203. ScHULZE, F. E. '^Challenger" Report on Hexactinellida 



1887. 



Commensal polypes {S'tc2)Jwscyphus mirahilis) have wholly 

 altered the form of a sjionge {Myxilla). 



204. Semper, K. Op. cit. 



Records how sponges are modified by polypes ; Hydroids by 

 Pycnogonidse, till a specific character ; the modifying 

 association of Buccinum and a Gorgonia, an Antipathes 

 and an Annelid ; quotes Kossmann to show that asym- 

 metrical growth of parasitic Pachybdella, originally 

 induced by pressure, but now hereditary. Also mechani- 

 cal influence of parasites. 



205. Botanical works, for illustrations of direct modification of 



flower shape by insect visitors, of extra-floral nectaries 

 (Beccari) now hereditary, but originally due to ant- 

 punctures, of malformations in leaves which become 

 constant characters. 



