504 Proceedings of the Boycd Physical Society. 



got to prove that here also they were prevalent in this posi- 

 tion, which is but a short distance above the Grange or 

 Burdiehouse limestone. 



(4.) Gilmerton Sandstone Quarry. — In this quarry also the 

 black fakes are got chiefly in the beds of blaes 2 or 3 feet in 

 thickness, which separate the thick beds of sandstone. The 

 spores and scorpion and Eurypterid remains are therefore as 

 good as those from Whinnyhall; indeed, the Eurypterid 

 remains are, if possible, better preserved and more numerous 

 in this position, which is just above that of the Gilmerton 

 limestone. 



(5.) Cove Shore, 1 mile N.E. of Cockburnspath. — This is 

 perhaps the best example of Eurypterid and scorpion re- 

 mains in black fakes that we have. Its position is but a few 

 feet above rocks which are considered to be the Upper Old 

 Ked Sandstone, and consequently at the very base of the 

 Carboniferous formation. The fakes are in two layers, 

 respectively 12 and 18 inches, with a band of sandstone 

 4 inches, in which are plant-stems, and are immediately 

 overlaid by a bed of sandstone 18 inches in thickness, 

 crowded with narrow stems of calamitis and lepidodendroids, 

 generally as casts and impressions, but sometimes solid with 

 the woody structure preserved. It was in this upper bed 

 that Cycadites Ccdedoniciis was found, which Mr Salter sup- 

 posed to be a palm-leaf, but which Mr Peach proved to be 

 the comb of a scorpion-like Eurypterid — portions of which, 

 with all the regular Eurypterid markings, turned up to the 

 hammer of Mr Kidston in 1882. As little fermentation has 

 gone on in these black fakes, not much of the vegetable 

 dehris has been changed into bitumen. The fakes are there- 

 fore but loosely cemented together, and can be easily separated 

 by crushing into grains of fine white sand and innumerable 

 spores and sacs, among which are found many pieces of 

 Eurypterid and scorpion skin. None of these pieces of skin 

 are larger than half an inch square, but they are all excel- 

 lently preserved — the scorpion skin a fine rich reddish brown, 

 and the Eurypterid skin intensely black and lustrous from 

 a varnish of bitumen. 



