Fig. 32 shows eight fish, all of equal age, viz. 4 years, but from different localities. 
All are drawn to the same scale and in the size representing the average for their respective 
localities. The drawings for this and the following figure are taken from two plates 
prepared by Lea for the Copenhagen Exhibition in 1912. 
1) White Sea, 2) Lysefjord (western Norway), 3) Zuyder Zee, 4) East coast of Swe- 
den, 5) Western North Sea, 6) Atlantie, 7) Iceland, 8) Norwegian spring herring. 
The four races on the left (1—4) have their origin in closed waters, whereas the 
four on the right (5—8) were taken in open sea (North Sea, Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean). 
It will at once be seen that the herring from the closed waters are smaller than fish of 
the same age from more open waters. 
Precisely the same impression is obtained on examination of the scales, as shown 
in Fig. 33. 
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Fig. 33. Normal scales of 5 year old herring from 
1. Lysetjorden. 2. Zuyder Zee. 3. Kattegat. 
4. Faeroes. 5. Iceland. 6. Norway (Spring herring). 
7. Western part of North Sea. 8. Atlantic Ocean. 9. Shetlands. 
1) Lysefjord, 2) Zuyder Zee, 3) Kattegat, 4) Faroes, 5) Iceland, 6) Spring herring, 
7) Western North Sea, 8) Atlantic, 9) Shetlands. 
These scales illustrate the average growth of five year old herring from the localities 
in question. The scales are drawn in proportion to the size of the fish, while the distances 
between the different winter rings show how they have grown from year to year. 
A glance at the figure will show that the study of the scales furnishes information 
not only as to the different size of the grown fish in different waters, but also as to en- 
tirely different manners of growth in the periods embraced. Some have grown poorly 
until the formation of the first winter ring (1 and 2), others better (3). Some have grown 
well in their first years, but poorly later on (7 and 8) while others exhibit very satisfactory 
growth even in their fifth year (5, 6 and 9). The growth can thus exhibit so considerable 
variations, that it is frequently possible, in the case of a loose scale, to determine to 
what fish it belongs, even though other sorts may have been taken in the same haul. 
