— 190 — 
Tab. 2. 
A A, B, B, Greatest 
Mean temperature of Atlantic water re 
at intermediate depths.......... 7°72 7°62 7°82 7°62 0°20 
Ouantitygotyheathemeesnee eens 861 960 872 906 99 
Difference in mean temperature at 0 
zing) BOO ian, Cleat. oo ko nese cence O88 RAR OG PRS 0°81 
»It will be noticed that the differences are here considerably greater, being indeed, 
im one case, of the same numerical order as the values themselves. These differences 
may be taken as indicating the amount of error to which calculations are hable when 
based on so few observations as those of HELLAND-HanseN and Nansen. A comparison 
of the variations thus occurring in four sections, taken, practically speaking, at the same 
time, with the variations which these two writers believe to have noted as from year 
to year shows that the variations in question are in many cases very little greater than 
the, error apparent in the values themselves. Thus the difference in the quantity of 
heat between 1902 and 1903 is only 45, between 1903 and 1904 127, between 1911 and 
1912 again 40. In particular, the figures for difference between mean temperature of 
Atlantic water at 0 and 200 m. depth appear to be liable to so great errors as to render the 
annual variations in this factor indiscernible. 
»This leads us to the conclusion that hydrographical sections based on such number 
of observations as employed by HeLLAnD-HANsen and NANSEN are subject to an error 
which in some cases falls within the same numerical order as the variations noted by 
these writers between one year’s observations and those of another. These errors are 
apparently due to the comparatively high rapidity of variation in the distribution of 
temperature and salinity, as will be seen by a comparison of the conditions prevailing at 
slightly different times in one and the same spot. Tab. 3 shows the variation in depth 
of the different isotherms at one place, (Lat. 63°21’ N, Long. 4°00’ W) during an interval 
of 16 hours. 
[Tab. 3. 
Isothermn sm Sache ne ee 2° 6° 5° AS Be 28 sli 05 
Distance from surface |........ 6 33 46 59 103 183 287 450 m. 
» » Nene NCA er 33 57 75 83 86 90 94 » 
(16 hours later) 
Movement (+ = upwards)..... -6m 0 =11 =16 20 97 197 336 m. 
It will be seen that the movement of the isotherms is in some cases enormous. 
Investigations as to the relation between variations in hydrographical and biological 
conditions. 
»Hydrographical observations, similar to those employed by HELLAND-HaNsEN and 
NANSEN in their discussion of the relation between fluctuations in the state of the sea 
and in the yield of the fishery, ete, are also available for a further period of three years. 
Fig. 119 shows the mean temperature of Atlantic water m the Sognefjord section for 
the years 1901—1905 and 1910—1912, the quantity of liver obtamed from the skrei 
