COUNCIL - MARCH 1920 - REPORT — 54 



Great Britain 



France 



Belgium 



The contributions of these countries have already been 

 dealt with under other headings. 



Holland 

 Norway 

 Sweden. Professor Pettersson enumerated — 



(1) Researches at Sea for hydrography and in connection with the herring fish- 



eries in collaboration with Denmark; 



(2) Researches on shore in connection with submarine waves; 



(3) Surface samples in the North Sea in conformity with the general scheme. 



Finland. Professor Witting outlined — 



(1) Coastal observations of salinity, temperature, ice, etc.; 



(2) Lightship observations of salinity, temperature, stream etc. 



(3) A deep-water expedition in the Baltic in the autumn of 1920. 



It is desirable to make observations of the nature and measurements of the 

 distribution and thickness of the ice in the whole Baltic. Charts based upon ice 

 observations taken every Friday are issued in Finland. 



Prof. Witting urged Denmark and Sweden to extend their observations in 

 the Belts and Cattegat, so that a quantitative determination of the in-flow and 

 out-flow of the water could be made. Agreed. 



Prof. Witting pointed out the necessity of making studies of the inter- 

 change of heat between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere. 



The proposals were approved. 



The Chairman informed the Sections of the intention of the Danish 

 Commission to send an Expedition into the North Atlantic during the present 

 year. (See Appendix VII, p. 81). 



Professor Ostenfeld outlined the Danish proposals for their North 

 Atlantic expeditions. It is proposed to make a preliminary cruise in 1920 and on 

 the results to plan the main cruise for 1921. 



Professor Pettersson proposed that the Section should express its appre- 

 ciation of the highly valuable scientific contributions which Denmark has made in 

 the past to oceanography and marine biology. This was unanimously agreed to 

 and the hope was expressed that the coming Danish expeditions would be fortunate 

 in all circumstances attending the cruises. 



Surface Atlantic Observations of Salinity and Temperature. 

 Professor Pettersson explained that the subnormal sea temperature of 

 1904 in the North Atlantic could be traced on to the Swedish coast and that it was 

 important to follow such transmission of hydrographical changes from the ocean 

 on to the fishing grounds. 



