﻿LXVI 
  

  

  surface. 
  In 
  Europe, 
  carp 
  are 
  always 
  taken 
  to 
  market 
  alive, 
  

   in 
  tanks 
  or 
  barrels, 
  and, 
  if 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  sold, 
  returned 
  to 
  

   the 
  water 
  alive 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  day. 
  They 
  are 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  

   kept 
  alive 
  in 
  cellars 
  in 
  the 
  winter, 
  wrapped 
  in 
  wet 
  moss 
  and 
  

   fed 
  upon 
  bread 
  soaked 
  in 
  milk. 
  Dr. 
  Hessel 
  once 
  kept 
  one 
  

   this 
  way 
  five 
  weeks. 
  In 
  cold 
  climates 
  they 
  protect 
  them- 
  

   selves 
  from 
  freezing 
  in 
  winter 
  by 
  retiring 
  in 
  groups 
  of 
  fifty 
  

   to 
  one 
  hundred 
  or 
  more, 
  into 
  cavities 
  in 
  the 
  muddy 
  bottom 
  

   called 
  ' 
  kettles,' 
  where 
  they 
  pass 
  the 
  time 
  until 
  spring, 
  hud- 
  

   dled 
  together 
  in 
  concentric 
  circles, 
  with 
  their 
  heads 
  together, 
  

   the 
  posterior 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  raised 
  and 
  held 
  immovable, 
  

   scarcely 
  lifting 
  the 
  gills 
  for 
  breathing 
  and 
  without 
  taking 
  a 
  

   particle 
  of 
  food. 
  This 
  abstinence 
  and 
  torpidity 
  lasts 
  in 
  cold 
  

   countries 
  six 
  or 
  even 
  seven 
  months, 
  and 
  thus 
  they 
  can 
  live 
  out 
  

   a 
  very 
  rigorous 
  winter. 
  • 
  

  

  "In 
  Central 
  Europe 
  its 
  growth 
  is 
  entirely 
  suspended 
  in 
  the 
  

   winter, 
  the 
  increase 
  in 
  weight 
  taking 
  place 
  from 
  May 
  to 
  

   August, 
  and 
  especially 
  in 
  July. 
  The 
  rate 
  of 
  growth 
  depends 
  

   upon 
  many 
  things, 
  the 
  temperature 
  of 
  the 
  water, 
  the 
  quality 
  

   and 
  quantity 
  of 
  food, 
  the 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  bottom. 
  In 
  rivers 
  and 
  

   lakes 
  they 
  attain 
  the 
  greatest 
  size." 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  summer 
  of 
  1872 
  the 
  carp 
  was 
  introduced 
  by 
  Mr, 
  

   Poppe 
  into 
  California 
  from 
  Holstein. 
  As 
  an 
  indication 
  of 
  

   the 
  value 
  of 
  this 
  fish 
  and 
  what 
  can 
  be 
  accomplished 
  with 
  or- 
  

   dinary 
  care 
  from 
  the 
  stock 
  already 
  distributed, 
  it 
  maybe 
  here 
  

   mentioned 
  that 
  Mr. 
  Poppe 
  succeeded 
  in 
  reaching 
  his 
  ponds 
  

   in 
  Sonoma 
  county, 
  California, 
  with 
  only 
  five 
  small 
  carp 
  " 
  about 
  

   the 
  size 
  of 
  a 
  steel 
  pen." 
  These 
  were 
  placed 
  in 
  a 
  pond 
  which 
  

   had 
  a 
  uniform 
  temperature 
  of 
  about 
  74° 
  degrees 
  Fahrenheit. 
  

   Mr. 
  Poppe 
  reports 
  that 
  by 
  May 
  of 
  the 
  folloM'ing 
  year 
  these 
  

   fish 
  had 
  increased 
  in 
  length 
  to 
  sixteen 
  inches, 
  and 
  that 
  he 
  

   secured 
  some 
  three 
  thousand 
  young 
  fish 
  from 
  them. 
  Two 
  

   of 
  these 
  original 
  fish 
  now 
  survive 
  and 
  are 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  over 
  two 
  

   feet 
  long 
  and 
  weigh 
  over 
  fifteen 
  pounds 
  a 
  piece. 
  Mr. 
  Poppe 
  

   has 
  done 
  a 
  very 
  large 
  and 
  thriving 
  business 
  by 
  selling 
  them 
  

   to 
  stock 
  other 
  ponds. 
  The 
  uniformly 
  warm 
  water 
  which 
  sup- 
  

   plies 
  these 
  ponds 
  has 
  no 
  doubt 
  stimulated 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  