﻿XLIX 
  

  

  sides 
  of 
  the 
  Atlantic, 
  the 
  menhaden, 
  anotlier 
  fisli 
  of 
  ex- 
  

   ti'eme 
  importance 
  from 
  Maine 
  to 
  Virginia, 
  the 
  thread 
  - 
  

   herrinjj- 
  and 
  tJm 
  ronnd-lierring, 
  insignificant 
  species 
  ol' 
  

   no 
  ptirticular 
  value, 
  are 
  found 
  solely 
  in 
  the 
  sea. 
  One. 
  

   the 
  mud-shad, 
  or 
  gizzard-shad, 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  br;ickisli 
  

   water, 
  from 
  Cai)e 
  Cod 
  to 
  Floi'ida, 
  while 
  four 
  others 
  live 
  

   both 
  at 
  sea 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  rivers, 
  and 
  by 
  their 
  peculiar 
  habit 
  

   of 
  breeding 
  in 
  the 
  rivers 
  and 
  feeding 
  at 
  sea 
  are 
  of 
  the 
  ut- 
  

   most 
  im]iortance 
  to 
  the 
  river 
  fisheries. 
  These 
  are 
  the 
  

   shad, 
  tlie 
  hickory-shad, 
  or 
  tailor-herring, 
  and 
  the 
  two 
  

   species 
  of 
  river 
  herring. 
  The 
  two 
  species 
  of 
  river 
  her- 
  

   ring 
  have, 
  for 
  many 
  years 
  iDrevious 
  to 
  1879, 
  been 
  con- 
  

   sidered 
  as 
  identical, 
  or, 
  to 
  speak 
  more 
  exactly, 
  although 
  

   fishermen 
  have 
  had 
  decided 
  opinions 
  tliat 
  there 
  were 
  two 
  

   different 
  kinds, 
  this 
  fact 
  had 
  not 
  been 
  demonstrated 
  to 
  

   the 
  satisfaction 
  of 
  naturalists. 
  Recent 
  observations, 
  

   liowever, 
  have 
  demonstrated 
  vei-y 
  satisfactoi-ily 
  tliat 
  

   tliere 
  are 
  two 
  species, 
  which, 
  besides 
  pi-esenting 
  uunked 
  

   and 
  characteristic 
  differences, 
  are 
  very 
  different 
  in 
  their 
  

   liabits. 
  One 
  of 
  tliem, 
  the 
  gray-back 
  hej-ring 
  of 
  Massa- 
  

   chusetts, 
  the 
  branch 
  herring 
  of 
  the 
  (.'liesapeake 
  waters,, 
  

   the 
  Gasperejiu 
  {pon(olobu.s 
  oernalia) 
  of 
  Canjida, 
  api)ears 
  

   to 
  enter 
  the 
  rivers 
  earlier 
  than 
  the 
  <»ther 
  species. 
  Tn 
  the 
  

   Chesapeake, 
  the 
  schools 
  are 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  smaller, 
  nnd 
  they 
  

   spawn 
  higher 
  up 
  in 
  the 
  creeks. 
  The 
  other 
  species, 
  the 
  

   glut-herring 
  of 
  tlie 
  Chesapeake, 
  the 
  black-belly 
  of 
  Mas- 
  

   sachusetts, 
  also 
  known 
  to 
  New 
  England 
  fishermen 
  by 
  

   the 
  names 
  "saw-belly/' 
  "Kyack," 
  and 
  ''cat-tJirasher'' 
  

   {pomolohus 
  cef>'t/'(ifdu'), 
  is 
  later 
  in 
  its 
  runs, 
  and 
  swims 
  in 
  

   lai'gei- 
  schools 
  near 
  the 
  mouths 
  of 
  the 
  creeks. 
  Tlie 
  nnnie 
  

   glut-heiTing, 
  indeed 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  refer 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  

   schools 
  of 
  fish 
  are 
  so 
  large 
  that 
  they 
  fill 
  u]) 
  oi- 
  glut 
  the 
  

   mouths 
  of 
  small 
  streams, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  tlie 
  mai-kets 
  of 
  the 
  

   vicinity, 
  while, 
  on 
  the 
  otlier 
  hand, 
  the 
  Tunue 
  luauch- 
  

   herring 
  has 
  reference 
  tf) 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  othei- 
  species 
  

   goes 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  heads 
  of 
  creeks 
  or 
  ))ranches. 
  The 
  glut- 
  

   herring 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  more 
  widely 
  distributed 
  at 
  sea 
  along* 
  

  

  