THE PROBLEM OF THE OHIO MOUNDS. 39 



this fact and tbo forms of the pipes indicate that they were not con- 

 nected with the Xahua, Maya, or Pueblo tribes. 



Although varied indefinitely by the addition of animal and other fig- 

 ures, the typical or sim[)le form of the pipe of the Ohio mound-builders 

 appears to have been that represented by Squier and Davis ' in their Fig. 

 08, and by Eau in Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, No. 281/ 

 The peculiar feature is the broad, flat, and slightly-curved base or stem, 

 which projects beyond the bowl to an extent usually equal to the per- 

 forated end. Reference has already been made to the statement by 

 Adair that the Cherokees were accustomed to carve, from the soft stone 

 found in the country, "pipes, full a span long, with the fore part com- 

 monly running out with a short peak two or three fingers broad and 

 a quarter of an inch thick."' But he adds further, as if intending to 

 describe the typical form of the Ohio pipe, " on both sides of the bowl 

 lengthwise." This addition is important, as it has been asserted^ that 

 no mention can be found of the manufacture or use of pipes of tbis 

 form by the Indians, or that they had any knowledge of this form. 



E. A. Barber says:^ 



The earliest stoue pipes from the mounds were always carved from a single piece, 

 and consist of a Hat curved base, of variable length and width, with the bowl rising 

 from the center of the convex side (Anc. Mon., p. 227). * *' * 



The typical mound pipe is the Monitor tovm, as it may be-termed, possessing a short, 

 cylindrical urn, or spool-sbaped bowl, rising from the center of a flat and slightly- 

 curved base."' 



Accepting this statement as proof that the "Monitor" pipe is gen- 

 erally understood to be the oldest type of the mound-builders' pipe, it 

 is easy to trace the modifications which brought into use the simple 

 form of the modern Indian pipe. For example, there is one of the form 

 shown in Fig. 5, from Hamilton County, Ohio ; another from a large 

 mound in Kanawha Valley, West 

 Virginia;^ several taken from In- 

 dian graves in Essex County, i\Iass. ; ''' 

 another found in the grave of a 

 Seneca Indian in the valley of the 

 Genesee;*^ and others found by the 

 representatives of the Bureau of 

 Ethnology in the mounds of western 



■XT j_i /-I T Fig. 5. riiir IVom Hamilton Couuty, Obio. 



North Carolina. 



So far, the modification consists in simply shortening the forward 



' Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, lti47, p. 17i.t. 

 -1S7G, p.47, Fig. 177. 



^ Young Mineralogist and Antiquarian, 18S5, No. 10, p. 79. 

 * Am. Nat., vol. 16, 18S2, pp. 265, 266. 



''For examples of this form see Ran : Smithsonian Coutril)utious to Knowledge, No. 

 287, p. 47, Fig. 177. 



fi Science, 1884, vol. 3, p. 619. 



"Abbott, Prim. Industry, 1881, Fig. 31:5, p. 319; Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 3, 1372, p. 123. 



^Morgan, League of the Iroquois, p. 356. 



