THE PROBLEM OF THE OHIO MOUNDS. 43 



were made; aud the gradual modificatiou of tlie form indicates the di. 

 rection of the movement. 



In the region of eastern Iowa and northern Illinois, as will be seen 

 by reference to the Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural 

 Sciences,^ and the Smithsonian Eeport for 1882,- the original slightly- 

 curved platform base appears to be the only form found. 



Moving eastward from that section, a break occurs, and none of the 

 type are found until the western border of Ohio is reached, indicating 

 a migration by the tribe to a great distance. From this point eastward 

 and over a large portion of the State, to the western part of West Vir- 

 ginia, the works of the tribe are found in numerous localities, showing 

 this to have long been their home. 



In this region the modifications begin, as heretofore shown, and con- 

 tinue along the belt mentioned through West Virginia, culminating in 

 the modern form in western North Carolina and East Tennessee. 



As pipes of this form have never been found in connection with the 

 stone graves, there are just grounds for eliminating the Shawnees from 

 the supposed authors of the Ohio works. On the other hand, the en- 

 graved shells are limited almost exclusively to the works of the Shaw- 

 nees and Cherokees (taking for granted that the former were the au- 

 thors of the box-shaped stone graves south of the Ohio and the latter 

 of the works in western North Carolina and East Tennessee), but are 

 wanting in the Ohio mounds. It follows, therefore, if the theory here 

 advanced (that the Cherokees constructed some of the typical works of 

 Ohio) be sustained, that these specimens of art are of Southern origin, 

 as the figures indicate, and that the Cherokees began using them only 

 after they had reached their historical locality. 



Other reasons for eliminating the Shawnees and other Southern tribes 

 from the supposed authors of the typical Ohio works are furnished by 

 the character, form, and ornamentation of the pottery of the two sec- 

 tions, which are readily distinguished from each other. 



That the Cherokees and Shawnees were distinct tribes, and that the 

 few similarities in customs and art between them were due to vicinage 

 and intercourse are well-known historical facts. But there is nothing 

 of this kind to forbid the supposition that the former were the authors of 

 some of the Ohio works. Moreover, the evidence that they came from a 

 more northern locality, added to that furnished by the pipes, seems to 

 connect them with the Ohio mound-builders. In addition to this there 

 is the tradition of the Delawares, given by Ueckewelder, which appears 

 to relate to no known tribe unless it be the Cherokees. Although this 

 tradition has often been mentioned in works relating to Indians and kin- 

 dred subjects, it is repeated here that the reader may judge for himself 

 as to its bearing on the subject now under consideration : 



The Leniii Lenape (according to tbe tradition Landed down to them by their ances- 

 tors) resided many hundred years ago in a very distant country in the western part of 



' Vol. 1, 187G, PI. IV. 



=^ Smithsonian Report for 18S2 (18H4), Figs. 4-5, pp. r)b'9-602. 



