12 GEOMETRICAL EARTHWORKS OF OHIO, 
As before mentioned, Squier and Davis nowhere state whether their 
measurements are from the middle, the inside, or the outside of the 
walls. As the walls are usually from 30 to 40 feet wide, the point of 
measurement becomes an important item where accuracy is required. 
From the fact that some of the “sections” in Col. Whittlesey’s sur- 
veys go to the middle of the walls we have taken for granted, in mak- 
ing comparisons with the surveys of Messrs. Squier and Davis, that 
this was the rule they adopted. 
While pl. Xx is before us we may as well notify the reader that the 
directions are all wrong, the top being east and the left side north; in 
other words, the large circle is, in fact, directly south of the square 
and not east as given in the plate, the whole plat having been turned 
one-quarter round from the true position. The directions marked along 
the lines of the square should be changed, thus: N. 45° E., to 8. 45° 
K., and N. 45° W.to N. 45° EK. So far as could be ascertained from 
the fragments of the square remaining unobliterated, the walls, although 
not exactly 45° east and west, vary from these courses only from half a 
degree to three degrees. 
The large circle is now so nearly obliterated that no further survey 
can be made, yet judging from the figure and dimensions given in the 
plat, the authors have also made an error here. The diameter, accord- 
ing to the authors, is 1,720 feet and the area 40 acres, whereas a circle 
with this diameter will embrace an area of 55 acres. Itis apparent from 
the figure that the area inclosed by this part of the works is not less 
than that of the large circle if complete. 
Nevertheless the authors remark, in speaking of these works and com- 
paring them with others of the Scioto Valley: 
These figures are not only accurate squares and perfect circles, but are, in most 
cases, of corresponding dimensions, that is to say, the sides of the squares are each 
1,020 in length, and the diameter of the large and small circles a fraction over 1,700 
and 8u0, respectively. Such were the results of surveys made at different times, the 
measurements of which correspond within a few feet. 
THE NEWARK WORKS. 
Attention is next called to the celebrated works near Newark, a plan 
of which is given by our authors on their pl. xxv, from a careful sur- 
vey made by Col. Whittlesey. As Col. Whittlesey was noted for 
his accuracy as a surveyor, the plat, as far as it remains unchanged 
since leaving his hands, is presumed to be correct, but there are indi- 
cations that some modifications have been made in it or that in this 
case Col. Whittlesey has failed to sustain his reputation for accuracy. 
At any rate there are some marked differences between the text and 
the plat. 
In order that the reader who has not a copy of the Ancient Monu- 
ments at hand may clearly understand the points made, a fac-simile 
of Col. Whittlesey’s plat is introduced here. (See Pl. I.) 
