INTRODUCTION. j fl 
ne a nasalized ‘w; rare in Vegiha, common in yoiwere. 
tl as in pull, full, or as oo in foot; German, und. 
ee a nasalized @; rare in #egiha, common in goiwere. 
ii an umlaut, as in German, iiber. Common ix Kansa and 
Osage; not used in @egiha. 
W as in wish; nearly as ow in French oui. 
a gh; or nearly as the Arabic ghain. The sonant of q. 
Z as z and s in zones; German, Hase; French, zeéle. 
dj as j in judge (rare). 
te as ch in church, and c in Italian cielo; Spanish, achaque. 
qo a medial ch (or te), i.e. a sound between fe and dj (tsh and dzh). 
Modified initially; not synthetic. Common in yoiwere and 
Osage; not used in Pegiha. 
te’ an exploded fe. 
al as in aisle. 
au as ow in how, cow; German, Haus. 
Every syllable ends in a vowel, pure or nasalized. When a consonant 
appears at the end of a word or syllable, it is a sign of contraction. 
Almost every sound described in this list e:n be prolonged. When 
the prolongation is merely rhetorical, it is given in the notes and omit- 
ted in the text. Prolongations in the texts are usually interjections. 
ABBREVIATIONS. 
The following abbreviations are used in the notes and interlinear 
translations : 
F. Frank La Fleche, jr. st. sitting. 
G. George Miller. std. standing. 
J. Joseph La Fleéche. le. long. 
L. Louis Sanssouci. rec]. reclining. 
W. Wadjepa (Samuel Fremont). mv. moving. 
sub. subject. an. animate. 
ob. object. in. inanimate. 
col. collective. pl. plural. 
Brackets mark superfluous additions to the texts. 
Words within parentheses were omitted by the narrator, but, in most 
cases, they are needed to complete the sense. 
