ACTINOPOrOUS HOLOTHUKIOIDEA. 241 



ausgebildcfc sein kami. Sclten ist er nur zu einom Knopf rcduerit, 

 haufig oino einfache Spange odor ein langeres stiimpf odcr spitx 

 zulaufendes glattes Gittorwcrk, odcr cndlich ein langcr Stachel." 

 (v. Maeenzeller). 



liemai'hs : — This is perhaps the commonest dendrochiroto 

 holothurian on the coast of Japan. At any rate, in places 

 ai'ound the Marine Laboratory at Misaki, e.g., at Bishamon and 

 Koajiro, tliis occnrs at times in such abundance tliat many 

 boats dredge for them day after da}', and by evening each one is 

 loaded down with them. They are utiHzed as manure, and go by 

 the name of " Gumi." They occur anywhere from three to four 

 fathoms, down to twenty-five fathoms or more. In the fresh state, 

 they have a pinkish tinge, turning white in alcohol. Wlien 

 pi'eserved, the largest in my possession measure frcm 0x2 cm., 

 and thence down to minute sizes. The trivial ambulacra are some- 

 what nearer one another than the bivial ambulacra ; iiioreovei', they 

 lie nearly in the same plane, so that the ventral sm-face is easily 

 distinguished from the dorsal surface by external examination. 

 Tentacles ten, two ventral ones markedly smaller than the rest. 



Calcareous ring : radialia with two short blunt posterior pro- 

 longations with a bay between. Interradialia anteriorly abruptly 

 pointed, posteriorly liollowod into a deep bay. As in the original 

 description, stone-canal one, with a largo madreporic knob. 

 Polian vesicle one, 8 mm. long. Longitudinal muscles split near 

 the middle of the body. Two slender respiratory trees present. 

 Pedicels two-rowed along each ambulacrum. Eeproductive tubes 

 numerous, bushy, siniple, short, and unbianchcd ; the longest about 

 1.4 cm. 



Calcareous bodies : — In the body-wall knobbed buttons, one 

 end of which is prolonged into a long pointed process (textfig. 47a). 



