XII THE COLEOPTERA OF MADEIRA 259 



If their distribution has been effected by land-continuity, we 

 should expect that the proportion of winged and apterous 

 species that extend their range beyond the island, should 

 not be very strikingly different from the proportion that 

 is found on the island. We do not find, for example, that 

 the proportion of the wingless Carabi that have reached 

 our own country from the Continent by former land- 

 connection is very different from that of the winged 

 Cicindelse. 



Now, leaving out altogether those species which have 

 certainly been introduced by man, and grouping the re- 

 mainder for convenience in six divisions, we find that the 

 Madeiran Coleoptera, which are not peculiar to it, may be 

 classed as follows : — 



31 species of Carabidge, of which 26 are winged, 5 



apterous. The whole fauna, however, presents the 



very different proportion of 38 winged, 43 apterous. 

 93 species of the families from the Hydradephaga to 



the Tomicidse inclusive, of which 90 are winged, 



3 apterous. Total fauna: 220 winged, 27 apterous. 

 28 species of Curculionidae, of which 26 are winged, 2 



apterous. Total fauna : 35 winged, 74 apterous. 

 15 species of Longicornia and Phytophaga, of which 15 



are winged, none apterous. Total fauna ; 48 winged, 



1 apterous. 

 20 species of Heteromera, of which 16 are winged, 4 



apterous. Total fauna : 28 winged, 27 apterous. 

 76 species of Staphylinidse, of which all are winged, 



none apterous. Total fauna : 109 winged, 6 apterous. 

 The totals are, for the wide-ranging species, 249 winged, 



14 apterous = 263 ; for the whole fauna, 478 winged, 



178 apterous = 656. 



It thus appears that, in every case, an immensely smaller 

 proportion of apterous than of winged species are widely 

 distributed. If we take the totals we find that while about 

 two-fifths of the whole number of species range to other 

 countries, only about one- thirteenth of the apterous species 

 do the same, although among the strictly endemic species 

 there are 160 apterous to only 110 winged! We can 



s 2 



