XII THE COLEOPTERA OF MADEIRA 261 



in number, as follows : — CARABiDiE : Cymindis, Dromius, 

 Metabletus, Scarites, Apotomus, Loricera, Leistus, Cala- 

 thus, Olisthopus, Argutor, Cratognathus, Bradycellus, 

 Trechus. Philhydrida : Hydrobiiis. Byrrhid^ : Syn- 

 calypta. CuRCULiONiD^ : Phloeophagus, Tychius, Smi- 

 cronyx. Heteromera: Phaleria, Helops. Staph ylinid^e : 

 Homalota (1 sp.), Othius. Here we are carried back to a 

 remoter epoch for the introduction of the winged ancestors 

 of the Madeiran species, since not only have the wings 

 become aborted, but the insects themselves have become 

 modified into distinct and often very well-marked species. 

 The next category consists of apterous genera which 

 are peculiar to Madeira and the other Atlantic islands, 

 but which are allied to winged groups, as follows : — 

 EUiptosoma. — Closely allied to Loricera, winged. 

 Eurygnathus. — An abnormal form of Licinides, most of 



which are winged. 

 Zargus. — An abnormal form of Chlaeniides, winged. 

 Thalassophilus. — Allied to Trechus, winged. 

 Tarphius. — Belonging to the Colydiidse, most of which, 



Mr. Pascoe informs me, have wings. 

 Coptostethus. — Allied to Cryptohypnus, winged. 

 Caulophilus. — Allied to Phloeophagus, winged. 

 Lipommata, Mesoxenus, Caulotrupis. — Anomalous 



genera of Cossonides, wdiich are often winged. 

 Acalles, Torneuma. — Aberrant genera of Cryptorhyn- 



chides, most of which are winged. 

 Echinosoma. — Doubtful affinities. 

 Atlantis, Cyphoscelis, Laparocerus (Laparocerides). — A 



very isolated group. 

 Anemophilus, Scoliocerus. — Allied to Trachyphloeides, 



some of which are winged. 

 Lichenophagus. — Allied to Caenopsis and Omias, some 



of which are winged. 

 Xenorchestes. — Allied to Choragus, winged. 

 Ellipsodes. — Closely allied to Crypticus, some of which 



are winged. 

 Hadrus. — Belongs to an apterous group of Opatrides, 



many of which are winged. 

 Macrostethus. — Belongs to Coelometopides, all of which 



