448 STUDIES, SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIAL chap, xx 



man in a thousand, to do this ; but the fact should be 

 remembered that in many parts of the world such 

 attempts to frighten Europeans have been adopted, but 

 have never resulted in anything serious. Had the 

 Papuans really wanted to rob and murder, they would have 

 enticed the Challenger people on shore, where they would 

 have had them completely at their mercy, whereas those 

 who did go on shore were very civilly treated. 



One of the most curious features noticed by Dr. 

 Miklucho Maclay was the apparent absence of trade or 

 barter among the people of Astrolabe Bay. They 

 exchange presents, however, when different tribes visit 

 each other, somewhat as among the New Zealanders, 

 each party giving the other what they have to spare; 

 but no one article seems ever to be exchanged for 

 another of supposed equivalent value. On the whole, 

 the Russian doctor seems to have found these people 

 industrious, good-natured, and tolerably cleanl}^, living 

 orderly lives, and conforming themselves strictly to the 

 laws and customs which to them determine what is right. 



Captain Moresby, Signer D'Albertis, Mr. 0. C. Stone, 

 and the missionaries who have explored the south-eastern 

 extremity of New Guinea, have been greatly struck by the 

 apparently quite distinct races they have found there. 

 As far eastward as the head of the Gulf of Papua (on the 

 east side of Torres Straits) the typical Papuans prevail, 

 the natives of the Katow river being described as nearly 

 black, with Jewish noses, and woolly hair, using bows and 

 arrows, and living in houses a hundred feet long elevated 

 on posts— in all respects exactly agreeing wdth the 

 prevalent type in the western portion of the island. 

 The group of native chiefs shown opposite (Fig. 68) was 

 photographed by Admiral Maclear when surveying on the 

 Alert, and they show how completely the true Papuan 

 type persists in this region, although neither of them has 

 the Papuan mop largely developed. But further east, 

 about Redscar Bay and Port Moresby, and thence to East 

 Cape, the people are lighter in colour, less warlike, and 

 more intelligent, with more regular European features, 



