460 STUDIES, SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIAL chap, xx 



changed conditions ; — first, the Australians and the hill 

 tribes of Central India, who once perhaps spread far over 

 the northern hemisphere, but have been displaced by the 

 Mongoloid type which flourishes at this day from the 

 equator to the pole. These, again, have been ousted from 

 some of the fairest regions of the temperate zone by the 

 Indo-Europeans, who seem only to have • attained their 

 full development and highest vigour when exposed to the 

 cold winds and variable climate of the temperate regions. 



If this view is correct, and the Papuans really form one of 

 the earliest branches of the primitive type of man which 

 still exists on the globe, we shall continue to look upon 

 them with ever-increasing interest, and shall welcome 

 every fact relating to them as important additions to the 

 history of our race. The further exploration of their 

 beautiful and luxuriant island will, it is to be hoped, be 

 vigorously pursued, not only to obtain the mineral, veget- 

 able, and animal treasures that still lie hid in its great 

 mountain ranges, but also to search for the remains of 

 primaeval man in caves or alluvial deposits, and thus throw 

 light on the many interesting problems suggested by the 

 physical peculiarities and insular position of the Papuan 

 race. 



