CH. XXI AUSTRALIAN AND POLYNESIAN RACES 475 



Anthropological Institute, and of comparing these with 

 the portraits in Mr. Romyn Hitchcock's monograph on 

 the Ainos of Yezzo, Japan, and of Todas from the 

 Nilgherries in Captain Marshall's work on those people, 

 and also in Professor Keane's " Man, Past and Present," I 

 have become more satisfied of the correctness of the view 

 then put forth, I believe for the first time. Professor 

 Keane considers that there are several fragments of 

 primitive Caucasian peoples to be still found in South- 

 Eastern Asia. Such are the Khayems, near the sources 

 of the Irawaddi, who are described as having oval faces, 

 pointed chins, and aquiline noses, and as being sometimes 

 so light in colour as almost to pass for Europeans. 

 Among the Shans of Upper Burma there are also found 

 families or small tribes having distinct Caucasic affinities. 

 But it is in Cambodia where the most striking examples 

 are found in the Khmers and several other tribes, which 

 are believed to be the remnants of an ancient Caacasic 

 race of Hindu or S. Indian affinities which once occupied 

 much of South-Eastern Asia, and were the builders of the 

 grand cities and temples whose ruins exist in the interior 

 forests. So little is known in this country of these in- 

 teresting peoples, and the idea is so prevalent that all 

 Eastern Asia, from Burma to China and Japan, to Java 

 and the Moluccas on the south-east and to the extremity 

 of Manchuria and Siberia on the north-east, is wholly 

 peopled by men of Mongolian race, that some further 

 account of these Caucasian tribes will be of interest, 

 especially as they help us to a solution of the problem of 

 the origin of the two great races — Polynesians or Mahoris 

 and Australians, which we are here discussing. 



Although ancient temples of Eastern Asia may seem 

 out of place in a chapter dealing with the origin of the 

 Australians, yet, from the point of view of the theory here 

 suggested, they will be found to have a direct bearing 

 upon the problem. And as the works containing descrip- 

 tions and plates of these wonderful ruins are unknown to 

 most readers, no further apology is needed for their intro- 

 duction here. 



