518 STUDIES, SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIAL chap. 



own views, and will, I think, be approved by most 

 thinkers on the subject, I here give it. 



" 1. Nature plainly indicates permanent marriage as the true 

 human relation. The young of the human pair need parental care 

 and supervision for a great number of years. 



" 2. Instinct is strongly on the side of indissoluble marriage. In 

 proportion as men leave brutedom behind and enter into the fulness 

 of their human heritage, they will cease to tolerate the idea of two 

 or more living partners. 



"3. History shows conclusively that where divorce has been 

 easy, licentiousness, disorder, and often complete anarchy have 

 prevailed. The history of civilization is the history of advance in 

 monogamy, of the fidelity of one man to one woman, and one woman 

 to one man. 



"4. Science tells the same tale. Physiology and Hygiene 

 point to temperance, not riot. Sociology shows how man, in spite 

 of himself, is ever striving, through lower forms, upward, to the 

 monogamic relation. 



" 5. Experience demonstrates to every one of us, individually, the 

 superiority of the indissoluble marriage. We know that, speaking 

 broadly, marriages turn out well or ill m proportion as husband and 

 wife are — let me not say loving — but loyal, sinking difierences 

 and even grievances for the sake of children and for the sake of 

 example. '^ 



We have now to consider what would be the probable 

 effect of a condition of social advancement, the essential 

 characteristics of which have been already hinted at, on 

 the two great problems — the increase of population, and the 

 continuous improvement of the race by some form of 

 selection which we have reason to believe is the only 

 method available. In order to make this clear, however, 

 and in order that we may fully realize the forces that would 

 come into play in a just and rational state of society, such 

 as may certainly be realized in the not distant future, it will 

 be necessary to have a clear conception of its main character- 

 istics. For this purpose, and without committing myself 

 in any way to an approval of all the details of his scheme, 

 I shall make use of Mr. Bellamy's clear and forcible 

 picture of the society of the future, as he supposes it may 

 exist in America in little more than a century hence. ^ 



The essential principle on which society is supposed to be 



1 Looking Bach.i:ard. See specially chapters vii., ix., xii., and xxv. 



