15 



The reciprocal form, which, of course, can only be with dual 

 iind plural, is known by the termination rama for dual and 

 rirama for plural, as, ilina tthrama^ " we two beat each other ;" 

 ununa turirania, "we beat each other." 



A proper form for the Passive Voice does not exist, and it is 

 expressed by putting the subject in active form and the object in 

 the dative case, as, 



atula ivorana tukala, 



"by the man to the boy is beaten." 

 i.e., " the boy is beaten by the man." 



OF NUMBER. 



There are, as with nouns and pronouns, three numbers, i.e., 

 singular, dual, and plural. These can be distinguished by the 

 termination of the verb, if unconnected with a pronoun. The 

 pronoun being used the plural form of the verb may be omitted, 

 as not being necessary to a clear understanding. There is no 

 inflection on account of gender or persons, the latter being ex- 

 pressed by the pronoun. The termination of the dual of in- 

 transitive verbs is rama, of plural rirama ; as, jinga lama, " I 

 go;" iluia larcvma, "we two go;" annna larlrama, "we go." 

 With transitive verbs the dual and plural are formed by using 

 the intransitive verbs, 7irtma, "to be;" ?ii\dlama, "to go;" as 

 auxiliary verbs, as, ta ilguma, " I eat ;" ilina ilgula narama, " we 

 two eat;" etna ilgula narirama, or etna ilgulta nama, "we eat." 

 The two expressions signify the same ; but the latter is very 

 likely a form of participle, so that the meaning would be " we 

 are eating." It will be seen by this that the only difference is in 

 using the participle, la, added to the root of the main verb. 



The dual and plural in the Middle voice double the particle, 

 la, as, ilinakara tulala narama, " we two beat ourselves ;" 

 unnnakara tulala narirama, " we beat ourselves." 



OF THE MOODS OF VERBS. 



There are three chief moods — Indicative, Conditional, and 

 Imperative. The form of the Indicative has been given already. 

 The Conditional is formed by adding the termination, " mara," 

 to the root, as ta Ukuinara, " I should eat." 



The Imperative is formed by the particle, ai, added to the 

 root, as, tuni .' "beat;" ilgula narai .' "you two eat!" ilgula 

 narirai ! " eat you I " 



Another form, signifying an order to do it quickly, is composed 

 of the repetition of the root of the verb and the insertion of the 

 particle, " Iha,'^ as tnlhiduai ! " beat t(uickly I " 



Also belonging to the Imperative may be reckoned the follow- 

 ing form : - 



ta tuiui ! " let me beat ! " 



annua ilkula narireai ! " let us eat ! " 



