These chief moods, as well as the accessory ones, have almost 

 all a double form — one for a positive and one for a negative 

 sense — as, 



Negative. 

 ta tutjikana, I beat not. 

 ta njutjimakana, I have not 



Positive, 

 ta tuma, I beat, 

 ta njuka, I drunk. 

 ta gatjina, I shall cut. 



drunk. 

 ta gatjigunia, I shall not cut. 

 The other accessory moods are — ^I. The Participle, meaning' 

 doing, as doing, while doing, &c., formed by the particles : 

 " manga,'' for present, " mala,' for perfect, and " tjinanga,' for 

 future tense, as, 



tumanga, while beating, 

 tumala, after beating, 

 tutjinanga, shall be beating. 

 11. The Supine is formed by the particle, fjiha, as, 

 ta tutjika, to beat, or I must beat, 

 ta tutjika bitjima, I came to beat, 

 negative, ta tutjika nitjika, 



I to beat must not, i.e., I must not beat 

 There is another similar form, difficult to designate, formed by 

 the particle, " mitja or kutja,'' added to the root of verbs, as, 

 tumifja or tukntja, probably an abbreviation of tiuna and itja, 

 " not," and of tuka and itja. The meaning of it is, 

 lai ! ta ngana tumitja, 

 go ! I you not beat ! 

 i.e., go, that I do not beat you ! 

 Connected with the participle perfect is another form, tumal 

 katana, meaning seeming to be so, as, 

 Alinga airima limala katana, 

 " Sun sees, going as if," 

 i.e., " the sun seems as if he were going ;" or, 

 Porjyala limanga hira liraala katana, 



" quickly when going, tree seem to go," 

 i.e., " When quickly going, the trees seem to go." 



CHAPTER YII. 



Of Auxiliary Verbs. 



Pure auxiliary verbs, as, to he, to have, may, can, etc., are not 

 used as such, for the verbs in use for auxiliary verbs are not 

 treated in the same way as in English. They act as absolute 

 verbs as well; for example, 7iama, "to be," means also "to sit 

 down." 



There are only two used as auxiliary verbs proper : nama, " to- 

 be;" and lama, "to go." 



