17 



In addition to these, there is a class of verbs used for different 

 purposes, and in various manners. 



I. To make out of intransitive verbs transitive ones, as, 

 Jctvrnerama, " to arise or awake," is intransitive, but by omitting 

 erama^ and instead of this adding lilama, kumililama is formed, 

 and it becomes transitive, with the meaning, " to wake or call 

 up ;" or again, ntankamn, " to call," by adding the verb lelnmn, 

 " to promise," it becomes a transitive verb, meaning " to save, to 

 redeem." 



II. To form verbs from substantives and adjectives, as, inguia, 

 "old," by adding to this, eraiym, " to see," it becomes an intran- 

 sitive verb, " getting or becoming old " (ingiiierama), though 

 erama is originally a transitive verb ; or to atua, " man," add 

 erama, it becomes atuerama, "becoming a man;" or tjeba, "a 

 piece," to this add gama, " to cut," thus, tjehagama^ " to cut in 

 pieces, to tear," &c. In similar ways are also used ivuma, " to 

 hear;" ilama, "to say;" a7ikaina, "to speak;" albuma, " to go 

 back;" arintmia, "to put;" ntema, "to give;" indama, "to 

 sleep ;" anbuma, "to touch ;" and many others. 



Before passing to the original or main verb, a table showing 

 the conjugation of an auxiliary verb will be given in full, as it 

 occurs so frequently. The present tense is given in full, but 

 further on only the first person of each number is taken. 



See Table I., Appendix. 



In the same way are treated all intransitive verbs. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

 Of Transitive Verbs and their Conjugation. 



The conjugation of the transitive verb is easy to comprehend, 

 as it needs only the proper pronoun to be put in its proper place. 

 Instead of further explanation it will be best to give a table 

 showing the conjugation of the transitive verb tuma, "to beat," 

 because it takes all tenses, moods, and voices, whilst others are 

 more or less defective. 



As will be seen by Table II., Appendix, only the first person 

 has been given showing the conjugation of the reciprocal form. 

 This is sufficient as the others are regular. 



Where the negative conjunction gunia (meaning "no" or 

 " none") occurs, the:e is no particular form used ; neither is tliere 

 one for the Participle future negative, the future of the Indica- 

 tive negative being employed- — vide Table I., Appendix. This is 

 only the case with the regular conjugation of the simple verb. 

 There are, however, an almost endless number of secondary no- 

 tions connected and combined with the verb, which it is difficult 

 to designate by any term. The natives combine almost everything 



