18 



with tlie verb, which in English are expressed by adverbs of 

 place, of time, of quality, of quantity, tfec. 



These combinations make the use of the verb a sort of laby- 

 rinth, through which it is a difficult task to follow or keep the 

 clue. The following chapters will be devoted to putting these 

 into classes, so as to render the subject as simple as possible. 



CHAPTER IX. 



Verbs Combined with the form "Tula." 



This form "tula" is used with the conjugation of the absolute 

 A'erb in the active as well as in the middle voice, but whether as 

 a kind of supine or not, it is always used as a main verb. 



The othei' forms combined with this form act as auxiliary verbs, 

 and most of them are treated as in Table I., Appendix. They 

 are the following : — unia or wuma, " to hear : " namo, " to be ; " 

 lamrr, " to go ; " alhumn, to return ; " ngama, " to carry." 



Then there are several others where only tlie form tnla is 

 either altered or elongated ; these cannot be considered combined 

 verbs, although they are contracted with particles or fragments 

 of other words. 



For the sake of a more distinct arrangement both will be con- 

 sidered in diferent paragraphs. 



VERBS COMBINED WITH " TULA," 



I. 7\da noma, " to beat for a certain time constantly," which 

 is expressed by the auxiliary veib oio^aa, "to be" or "sit down;" 

 so that the meaning of it is " I beat constantly or continually." 



This verb is conjugated in all tlie moods and voices of Table I., 

 Appendix, except Middle and Reciprocal, whicli adopt the con- 

 jugation of the absolute verhtitma, "to beat." 



II. Tula lama : the literal translation is, " I go to beat," and 

 it signifies an action in which the subject is in course of executing 

 and has not yet linished, similar to the present participle. This 

 verb can also be treated as i. As, however, the auxiliary verb 

 lama cannot have a reciprocal form, the termination of this must 

 be added or rather inserted for reciprocal meanings, as, anunakara 

 titrirala lama, " we are beating each other ;" anunakara turirala 

 litjina, " we shall beat each other," etc. 



III. Tnla tula lama ; a reduplication of the former verb, and 

 therefore meaning " to beat sometimes quickly or hastily." Treat- 

 ment, the same as the foregoing. 



IV. Tula umi : the literal translation would be, " T hear to 

 beat," but the usual meaning is, " T beat once." This verb also 

 takes all moods and voices of Table II., Appendix. The conjuga- 

 tion of these verbs can easily be formed, foi- the main verb, here 

 tuln, remains unchanged, and after omitting the termination nt i 



