20 



CHAPTER X. 



Forms of Verbs Combined with the Supine. 



In some of these combinations the Supine is easily distiu- 

 guished, whereas in others it is abbreviated, the meaning showing 

 its existence nevertheless. Again, it is sometimes combined with 

 a simple verb, whilst in other cases it contains other particles., 

 The literal translation is not in many cases absolutely correct,. 

 l3ut still sufficiently so to lead to a right interpretation. 



As there are only a few of these forms they will be considered 

 seriatim. 



I. Tutjikalnina, evidently consisting of the Supine, fiitjika,. 

 and the auxiliary verb, lama, " to go," literal translation would 

 be " I go to beat," but the usual meaning is " I beat from above 

 to beneath" — i.e., downward. 



II. Tutjinjama, where the termination ka of the Supine is 

 omitted, and also the secondary verb is abbreviated from 

 intitjinjama into injama, " to rise or ascend." The meaning of 

 it is "I beat from beneath to above or upwards." However, this 

 meaning is often altered in other verbs, as, for instance, ilhunay 

 " to eat," where ilhitjikalama means " to eab in the evening, to- 

 sup," and iJkutjiyijamn means "to eat in the morning, to break- 

 fast." The conjugation of both is the same as shown in Table I., 

 Appendix ; and the Middle and Recij)rocal forms are treated as 

 tuJivja ngama (see chapter ix.) 



III. Ihitjika ma nitjikana, or Tutjikamanitjikana. The particle 

 ma receives a very extensive use in this language, as, for in- 

 stance, aUamaJta, "day by day" or "daily;" nintomininta,, 

 "one by one ;" imtamoinita, "hill by hill" or "every hill." In 

 the present case it means " again," so that the meaning is "I 

 beat again not being" — i.e., " I shall not beat again." The posi- 

 tive phrase "I shall beat again" they express by ^?t^^'i/mn#e?/tfl', 

 where ntema means "again." Conjugation similar to above. 



IV. Tutjikeramn, " going to beat," is treated also in the same 

 manner, as are also the two following :— 



V. TiUjilbitnima, " come to beat," and, 



VI. Tntjalhuma, " returned to beat. 



VII. Tutjigunula, a somewhat different form, meaning "to beat 

 by and by, not now." It is different, because, firstly, it is only a 

 form of future tense ; and secondly, its conjugation differs, as 

 will be seen by the following : — ttt tutjigunala, " I shall beat by 

 and by;" ilina. tula narinja gunnln, "we two shall beat;" 

 annua tula u'lririnja gun'fla, "we shall beat." 



Middle : nukara tuJala ninja gunnla, " I shall beat myself ; "' 

 ilinakara tulala nnrinja gunala, " we two shall beat ourselves." 



Reciprocal: etuikara turirivja gunnla, "they shall beat each 

 other." 



