Dual (Personal). 



Nom. atuananga, the two men. 



Gen. atuanangaka, of the two men. 



Dat. atuanangana, to the two men, 



Accus. atuananga, the two men. 



Abl. atuananganga, from the two men. 



Voc. atuanangai ! you two men ! 



Dual (Neuter). 

 Nom, lunjantatera, the two huts. 

 Gen. lunjantateraka, of the two huts. 

 Dat. lunjantaterana, to the two huts. 



Accus. lunjantatera, the two huts. 

 Abl. lunjantateranga, from the two huts. 



Pluixd. 

 Nom. atuirbera or antuantirbera, the men. 

 Gen. atuir1)eraka or antuantirberaka, of the men. 

 Dat. atuirberana or antuantirberana, to the men. 



Accus. atuirbera or antuantirbera, the men. 

 Abl. atuirberanga or antuantirberanga, from the men. 



Other substantives are formed — 



(a.) by adding to primitive substantives the particle " ringa,^^ 

 signifying something pertaining or belonging to a certain thing 

 or place, as, aril a, " sand ;" arila7'inga, " a man belonging to or 

 being at home in a sandy country ;" or aputa, " hills or ranges ;" 

 aputaringa^ " men whose home is in the ranges." This particle 

 is also affixed to names of places, and expresses the place at 

 which one is at home, as mbarata^ " a place ;" mbarataringa, 

 " men who are at home at mbarata." 



(h.) Out of the roots of verbs, as, gama, "to cut ;" ga^ia.ngana, 

 " a cutting thing, i.e., a knife ;" indama, " to sleep ;" iiidanin- 

 dana, "a sleeping thing, i.e., a bed ;" tuma, "to beat ;" tunatuna, 

 " a man beating, i.e., a beater ;" nteina, " to give ;" ntenantena, 

 " a giving man, i.e., a giver." 



OF PREPOSITIOXS. 



There are two classes of prepositions, one class consisting of 

 separate words and the other consisting only of small particles, 

 annexed to the substantives, to which they belong as suffixed. 

 As the prepositions, consisting of separate words, are placed at 

 the end of the word to which they belong, they should be ratlier 

 called postpositions. The majority always govern a certain case. 



a. Those taking the ablative case are lune in number, viz. : — 



I. ulara, " in front," as, 



era atunga ulara tnama, 

 "he of man in front stands." 



