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the words iltja and lirra, and do not use them, because they all 

 know among themselves who is personally related, and who is not. 

 They are only used casually when conversing with strangers, to 

 whom they wish to explain their family relationships. For the 

 slightest difference in affinity the natives have distinctive names, 

 which are also employed in the family. Thus all persons belong- 

 ing to the same class (even if they, according to our ideas, have no 

 consanguinity) call themselves arumhinjara and itiinjara, which 

 means something like brothers and sisters. The younger one says- 

 arumhinjara, the elder itiinjara. If only two be present, the 

 younger says arumhananga, "we both (are) brothers (sisters);" 

 the elder itiananga, which means the same. The elder brother and 

 sister call the younger brother and sister iiia, while the younger 

 brother and sister call the elder brother ka/ja, and the elder sister 

 kwaia; besides this the younger brother calls the elder sister 

 arumba, and the younger sister the elder nkura. The youncfer 

 brother says, therefore, ^^kananga,''^ (we are) two brothers, or 

 ^^kanangananga,^^ we (are) brothers ; the elder says ^^ itiananga" 

 (we are) two brothers; or ^'itiinjara," (we are) brothers. Simi- 

 larly the elder sister expresses herself in respect of the younger 

 sister or sisters, but the younger one, on the contrary, says 

 ^' nkurananga," or '■^ kwaiananga" we two (are) sisters ; or 

 '"'•nkurinjara,^' OY '■'•kwaiinjara^'' we (are) sisters. These examples 

 will show how they indicate by separate names certain differences, 

 which we cannot in our language without employing several ex- 

 planatory words. Accordingly, their relationships are very com- 

 plicated, so that even the cleverest among them are often unable 

 to find the right answer. Only by instances from their own life 

 can this be rightly inferred, and one must be, therefore, quite 

 accurately informed before one can determine their family rela- 

 tionship. 



In the following synopsis a Bunanka man and woman is taken 

 as an example of the nomenclature of all the classes. The same 

 terms are used by the other classes, but, of course, in their 

 proper application, as will appear from the table : — 



Bunanka-men call the 

 BuNANKA-men : the elder, kalja ; the younger itia ; the very old, 

 arenga and katatama; and these the same, arenga 

 and katatama. 

 Women : the elder, ktvaia and arumha ; the younger, 

 itia ; the very old, lora and lorehmana ; and 

 these the same, ehmana and arenga. 

 KxuRAiA-men : the elder, ehmana and kaljehmana; the younger, 

 ehmana ; the very old, arenga and katatama. 

 Women: the elder, kwaiehmana; the younger, ehmana; 

 P 



