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color, in some places containing a few bits of fossil shells, to an 
intense black, with no visible trace of fossil remains at all. It is 
usually highly carbonaceous, and in the Coonalpyn bore at one 
point actually becomes a lignite, which will burn if held in a 
flame, though like charcoal it does not give out sufficient heat to 
keep alight by itself. In each bore the first deposit below the 
polyzoal limestone is a band of this clay, but after that the 
different bores vary in their arrangement of the sand and clay. 
This sand contains at Ki Ki numerous polyzoa and a goodly 
number of gastropods, with a few lamellibranchs, nearly all very 
small, and all showing signs of being greatly worn, proving the 
deposit to be littoral. Professor Tate gives the opinion that these 
shells more nearly resemble those of the Adelaide Eocene beds 
than those of any other deposit, though many of them appear to 
be new species. Here we see, as at Aldinga (which is pretty 
well identical with the Adelaide deposits) that the polyzoal lime- 
stone overlies the bed containing gastropods. 
At Coona.pyn the bore is very similar, except that the altitude 
of the various beds differs a good deal. 
The surface of the bore is 72 feet above sea level, and the un- 
fossiliferous limestone has a thickness of 75 feet. Then come the 
polyzoal limestones, extending to a depth of 262 feet, 2.¢., having 
a thickness of 259 feet. Next we have the intercalated sands 
and clays for 196 feet, the bed-rock being reached at a depth of 
458 feet, while the bore descends 758 feet below sea-level. There 
is no great difference between the beds in this and in the Ki Ki 
bore, except that the sand beds here contain very few fossils 
except polyzoa, though careful searching reveals a few gastropods, 
among which is a Z'urritella, very like, if not identical with, 
Turritelia Aldinge. We see also that the sands and clays have a 
much greater thickness here than at Ki Ki, the difference, 88 
feet, being mainly at the bottom, and due to the slope of the 
bed-rock. 
The Trntinara bore is peculiar in that the unfossiliferous lime- 
stone overlying the Eocene in both other bores is here entirely 
absent, and in its stead we find a deposit of recent shells of a 
thickness of 154 feet, 7.¢., extending to 92 feet below sea-level. 
Then the polyzoal limestone, instead of being 250 feet, as at 
Coonalpyn, is reduced to six feet, the black clay, which here is 
not so carbonaceous, being met with at a depth of 98 feet. The 
sands associated with this clay appear to be fairly fossiliferous, 
but the bore only reaches a depth of 191 feet (or to 253 feet from 
its mouth), and consequently the bore ends in Eocene beds. 
Emu F art is situated about five miles from the railway, Keith 
being about the nearest point. Here we find the Recent or 
Pleistocene beds of the Tintinara bore absent, but the unfossil- 
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