188 
in the case of the inner toe) the surfaces of the phalangeal joints 
are characterised by their transverse width and low vertical 
height; by their comparative flatness, and by the insignificance 
of the depressions for the lateral] ligaments—a combination of 
characters which indicate weakness of the toes, in addition to 
the shortness and feebleness of the claw-pearing phalanges. 
One other important feature remains to be indicated. From 
all other ratitite forms, and from nearly all other birds, the outer 
toe of Genyornis differs in possessing only four segments in place 
of five. Of this unusual feature the one of us (A.Z.) who gathered 
the bones assured himself repeatedly by counting them in situ. 
Sternum.—tThe restoration of this bone is not yet quite com- 
pleted, but, so far as can be seen in shape and proportions, it 
resembles that of the emeu more closely than it does that of 
the cassowary, while it differs considerably from that of the 
Dinornithide. We think we may confidently assert that 
neither lateral xiphoid processes nor median post-axial notch 
exist. 
The actual dimensions may be thus approximately stated :-— 
Extreme length, 12 inches; extreme transverse breadth, allowing 
for a slight deficiency, 104 inches. The corresponding measure- 
ments of the sternum of the emeu and cassowary (C. australis) 
being respectively 4} and 4 inches, and 8 and 54 inches. 
Vings.—By the fortunate recovery of several elements of wings 
we are able to establish the possession of small appendages of 
this character for Genyornis. The humerus, radius, ulna, two 
meta-carpals, and one phalanx are represented either by com- 
plete bones or by fragments. The whole length is approximately 
91 inches, and the proportions, on the whole, more nearly those 
of the emeu than the cassowary. 
Head.—As to the head, of which both specimens obtained are 
unfortunately in a very dilapidated condition, we prefer not to 
speak at present, except to indicate its large size. The total 
length of the skull is 114 inches, that of a large emeu and ostrich 
being respectively 61 and 8 inches. 
hes concerns the size of the lower mandible, from which feature 
the bird has received its name, we may mention that the ramus, 
slightly imperfect at its pee extremity, is 101 inches, and 
its width at the widest part 2} inches. The symphysial depth i is 
13 inches. For a large ostrich and emeu the corresponding 
measurements are respectively, in inches, 71, 31, 3; and 5%, 
3, 7’. The transverse span, posteriorly, of the lower mandible 
is, at least, 6 inches, while that of the ostrich and emeu is 3} and 
3 inches respectively. 
Thus far, in our brief description, we have made comparisons 
only with Australian and New Zealand ratitite birds existing and 
