190 
times, and the association of the remains of Genyornis with those 
of Diprotodon suggest that the bird, too, may have had its haunts, 
and found its food, by the same swamps as its bulky marsupial 
associates. The thickness of the lower jaw is scarcely commen- 
surate with its great length and depth, and this fact, with the 
weakness of the toes, suggest that, like the emeu, herbage, 
rather than roots, may have formed its food. 
Tn the course of our brief description and comparisons it will 
have been seen that the resemblance to the emeu, and to a less 
extent to the cassowary, are many and considerable. The 
presence of the bony bridge being, however, a conspicuous, if not 
morphologically important, point of difference. The emeu, in 
fact, appears to be its nearest ally, though there are points of 
resemblance, other than in respect of bulk, to the Dinornithide, 
and possibly it may be found to the Gastornithide. We may, 
perhaps, provisionally regard it as an ancestral form of emeu, 
possibly having relations to the New Zealand group. 
As will be seen in table I. certain differences in size exist 
between the femora of two individuals, and these are not con- 
fined to that bone; but we do not believe that, either in this 
respect or in the details of structure, there will be found grounds 
for thinking that more than one species is represented in the 
Callabonna collection. 
Of its relations to existing forms, other than those of the 
ratitite type which have been mentioned, it is premature to 
speak ; such facts will emerge with greater certainty and com- 
pleteness on a study of the head, the restoration of which—a 
long and tedious task—is approaching completion, though, unfor- 
tunately, it is in a very imperfect condition. In the meantime 
we believe we have, in this preliminary notice, sufficiently indi- 
cated, though in a manner less complete than we could have 
wished, the interesting nature of the discovery at Callabonna, not 
only as affording additional evidence, in so much more complete 
a form than has hitherto existed, of the wide range in Australia 
of this race of great extinct birds, but also as bearing upon the 
phylogenetic relations of the sub-class to which it belongs, as well 
as, possibly on the question of the former distribution of land 
in the Southern Hemisphere. 
These points, however, must be left to a subsequent communi- 
cation, and, perhaps, to those with a wider range of knowledge 
than is possessed by the authors of this paper. 
